[
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SV0057",
    "name": "Reach Thun",
    "gender": null,
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1941",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Statue representing the victims",
    "details": {
      "title": "The loss of my two younger brothers in 1975",
      "description": "After the capture of Phnom Penh city in 1975, Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers forced all people to move out of Chek village and head to the north region. My family, consisting of my wife and children, my brothers, parents, and myself, was forced out of the village. Prior to the incident, an unknown commune chief and some unknown combatants from other regions came to tell the villagers to get out of the village. They did not give any reasons for the evacuation. During the evacuation, while walking along the road, my two brothers were arrested, because someone had informed the [Communist (Red Khmer)] that they were former Republican captains. But the truth was, that my brother, In Sophal, was a former third-grade student at Svay Rieng high school, and another brother, In Sopha, had been a fifth-grade student at Svay Rieng high school.\nPrior to the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, they both studied at Svay Rieng high school, but later dropped out of school. I do not know who told the Communist (Red Khmer) that my brothers were former Republican soldiers. At four p.m., they were both arrested on the east of Chek pagoda, located in Chek village, Svat commune. They were both held at gunpoint and ordered to walk out of the crowd. They were taken to receive an re-education after having been accused of being former Republican soldiers. My mother, my wife, Phea Yan, and I witnessed this incident with our own eyes.\nAt the time of the incident, we did not dare do anything. We did not even dare to ask them to which education place they were taking my brothers, because we feared that they could take us as well. Because the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers who arrested my brothers came from other places, they were unknown to me. Due to the fear of being taken [for re-education], we did not dare ask them for news of my brothers after the incident. I am clueless about where the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers took my brothers, and what they did to them. They both disappeared from that moment. I believe they must have been executed, because during the regime, to receive an re-education meant death.\nI do not know how they both were executed, where the perpetrators are, or who is responsible for their deaths. I believe that my brothers died as a result of the policy implemented by the Communist (Red Khmer) senior leaders. The Communist (Red Khmer) people were brutal. My brothers did no wrong, and they were only students. But they were taken for re-education and killed."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA- KT0002",
    "name": "Say Phorn",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19650621",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing of my father",
      "description": "Three months after April 17, 1975, my father, Meas Say, approximately thirty nine years old, was arrested by an unknown security police at eight p.m. This incident took place when Pech, a village chief, called upon my father to attend a meeting held near our house, located in Khvakk village, Salavisay commune, Prasat Balangkdistrict, Kampong Thom province.\nAside from my father, all the villagers who attended the meeting returned home. One villager told me that security police had arrested and killed [my father]. At about ten p.m., seeing my mother crying, I asked her, ”Mother! Why are you crying?” She replied, ”Your father has been taken to be killed.” About five days later, the villagers grew aware that approximately one hundred people had been killed in a single mass grave. After the Vietnamese troops came to liberate the country, I learned that my adopted father, my father’s closest friend, had met my father when he was about to be killed in Chma Mas village, Sambourur commune, Prsat Sambourur district.\nMy father, was conscripted into the Republican army. When he returned home after the fall of the Republican regime he was killed. I know neither who killed him nor how he was killed, except that he might have been hit on the back of his neck with a stick. Four or five days after the incident took place, my adopted father saw my father's body and the wooden stick covered with blood."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BB0001",
    "name": "Pen Kun",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Public restroom in the village",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 23, 2009",
      "description": "My husband, Ya Seng, was killed by the Red Khmer\nDuring the dry season in 1977, I was living in Ou Andoung Village in Banteay Meanchey Province. Heong, the unit chief, came to our house at dawn and asked my husband to go to the forest to help cut trees. I did not know where my husband was taken. Later, an old man named Roeum, who was also Communist came to me and said, \"My daughter (a respectful form of address by the elderly toward young people), do not wait for [your husband]. He will not return. They (the Communists already took him to Banteay Neang.\" I did not know why the Communist took my husband to be killed. I only know that my husband was a soldier in the Republican army. During the Communist regime, he was assigned as a construction worker, building houses."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BB0002",
    "name": "Roun El",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on September 01, 2009",
      "description": "Executions:\nDuring the rainy season between 1976 and 1977, I witnessed two executions. The first execution I saw when I was assigned by Boeun, the chief of militiamen, to collect old clothes at the forest to the north of the village stream. There was a security center called Ta Phe in the forest (Russei Kraing Chas Village, Russei Kraing Commune, Mong Russei District, Battambang Province; today the name has been changed to Prey Tralach Commune, Rukkakiri District, Battambang Province). There I saw four or five square pits, twenty meters in width and four meters in depth. Near the pits were four or five bamboo sticks. There were about two or three hundred dead bodies in the pits. Some of them were Muslims, because I saw two red turbans there. One militiaman, who had committed the killing, was injured later on during a chaotic situation one night when the Communist mistakenly shot at their own group at Russei Kraing Village, Prey Tralach Commune, Mong Russei District, Battambang Province. Also, I saw other dead bodies (I did not know their names) covered by a haystack at the mowing field when I went back to thresh the rice. I assumed that they were new people coming from Svay Rieng Province. The second time I saw an execution was the killing of my colleague, who had been assigned to climb a sugar palm tree to collect palm juice. He was intercepted and thrown into the well. This crime occurred at Svay Ya Village, Prey Tralach Commune, Mong Russei District, Battambang Province. He was accused of being a Vietnamese ally, because he came from Svay Rieng Province.  (I secretly heard the militiamen gossiping that they planned to kill all the people from Svay Rieng). Two of his children were also killed at that time. In my village, there were two militiawomen and five militiamen. The two ladies were named Kob Mah  and Kob Meh, the younger sister of Mah. They now live in Svay Ya Village, Prey Tralach Commune, Mong Russei District, Battambang Province. The other five militiamen were Boeun, chief of militiamen; and Hong (these two men currently live at Kraing Russei Commune); Siek, who has passed away; and two other militiamen from Kampong Chhang Province, who were unknown to me."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BB0004",
    "name": "Sim En",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19500102",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "My cousin named Phin Phan and uncle named Chea Cheoun were killed by the Red Khmer",
      "description": "In 1977, an unknown militiaman came to arrest my cousin, Phin Phan, and my uncle, Chea Cheoun, from our house. Both of them were then killed at Samrong Pagoda in Battambang Province. I did not witness the killing, but when the Communist came to arrest them, I was present. They were accused of being commune chiefs during the prior government [before the Communist regime]."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BB0005",
    "name": "Chhoeuk Sao",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1948",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Installation of an irrigation system.",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected by phone interview on October 06, 2009",
      "description": "My father-in-law named Maut Chea was killed by the Red Khmer\nIn 1977, I lived with my wife and her family at Prek Norin Village, Prek Norin Commune, Battambang District, Battambang Province. My father-in-law, Maut Chea, was the Prek Norin village chief before the Communist (Red Khmer) came to power. One night, while I was in a deep sleep, my mother-in-law, Lonh Loeum, 49 years old, who was six-months pregnant, called me from downstairs. She told me that my father-in-law had been arrested by the Red Khmer In the shadows, I could see my father-in-law being escorted by two or three Communist cadres.  I wanted to help him, but my mother-in-law warned me not to follow them, for fear that I would be arrested too. We were emotionally distraught when we lost him. I heard through another villager that my father-in-law had been killed at Samrong Pagoda. A few months after he was killed, my mother-in-law delivered her baby. Unfortunately, the baby died soon after birth due to insufficient medical supplies and unskilled medical staff. Then, I got a bed for her and lit a fire next to it to warm her body. When she saw the bed, her face became very sad because she was thinking about her dead husband. When I saw her expression, I wanted to go look for medicine for her, but she stopped me by saying, \"No need to go, my son!\" At that moment, she took her last breath and passed away. Our suffering was very profound.  Even so, there was nothing we could do to relieve our grief. Our hardship was not yet over.  In 1978, together with other villagers in Prek Norin, my family was evacuated to Kouk Kmom Village, Thma Kol District, Battambang Province, because frequent flooding precluded us from farming in our village. There, at Kouk Kmom Village, my wife was assigned to do farming."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BB0006",
    "name": "Chheng Norm",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1956",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "A paved road into my village",
    "details": {
      "title": "Two of my uncles were killed by the Red Khmer",
      "description": "In 1975, my uncle, Yos Un who used to work at a prison in Battambang Province before the Communist came to power, was transferred by car to Peakk Sbek Village, Snoeng Commune, Banun District, Battambang Province. There, he was shot dead. We were not allowed to bury his body, which was being disturbed by wild animals. My father, who is now deceased, witnessed the killing of Uncle Yos Un, but he could do nothing to help my uncle.\nIn 1978, my other uncle was killed by a Communist soldier at Koh Krala Village, Koh Krala Commune, Battbambang Province. Ms. Nak En witnessed this killing. She is now living in Koh Krala Village, Koh Krala Commune, Battambang Province."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BB0007",
    "name": "Choek Siet",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19650205",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "A paved road to Rohal Suong Village.",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 21, 2009",
      "description": "My cousin named Seng Choeun was killed by the Red Khmer\nDuring the rainy season of 1976, the Communist called on my cousin, Seng Choeun, at his cottage in Rohal Suong Village, Prek Norin Commune, Ek Phnom District, Battambang Province.  They ordered him to leave to do farming at another village, which was unknown to me. Choeun lived with his wife, Vet (evt), in the cottage. After he left for the farming assignment, Choeun disappeared and we never received any further news from him. I do not know why Choeun was taken, but I knew that he used to work as a Republican soldier. A few months after his arrest, I heard that Choeun was killed by the Red Khmer However, I do not know where he was killed or who killed him. The story was told to me by my father. During the Communist regime, most people who used to work for the Republican regime disappeared from the village. I wonder why the Communist killed those educated people."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BB0008",
    "name": "Yaok Korn",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1959",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Paved road, bridge, and school.",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 21, 2009",
      "description": "Forced labor:\nWhen the Communist evacuated Phnom Penh in 1975, I was assigned to work in Region 4 of Battambang Province doing farming, digging a canal, and planting crops. In 1976, I was reassigned to clear the forest at Ta Kream Mountain, Battambang Province, to provide land for planting potatoes, red corn, and other kinds of crops. Afterward, I was reassigned to do farming at Tra rice field. There were 30 people in that unit, under the control of Leng, the unit chief. Grandfather (a respectful term for addressing the elderly) Leng was the district chief. Regarding food rations, during the harvest season, the villagers were offered cooked rice; but during the rainy season, the villagers were given only watery rice gruel. Food rations were so inadequate that sometimes I stole potatoes or corn to satisfy my hungry stomach. Leng used to catch me stealing, however he did not punish me. He just advised me not to commit any more stealing. I do not understand why the Communist starved their own people when there was plenty of rice in storage."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BB0009",
    "name": "El Tam",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1975",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 20, 2009",
      "description": "Forced labor:\nMy mother told me that during the Pol Pot regime, people were forced to overwork. From 1975 to 1979, my mother and her family members were evacuated to Tbeng Pra-Kiep Village, Ta-Nha Commune, Kandieng District, Pursat Province. My mother was assigned to work in a mobile unit doing farming. She worked every day without adequate rest or food. I do not know the name of her mobile unit chief. Because of overwork during the Communist regime, my mother now suffers bad health. Physically, she is very weak. I was born in the year that the Communist took over the country and remember very little about the regime, yet those years left me with so much suffering that I was not able to receive the warm support of family or sufficient food to eat."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BB0010",
    "name": "Ya Mosa",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": null,
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on September 01, 2009",
      "description": "Restriction on practice of religion:\nWhen the Communist took power in 1975,  my family and I were evacuated from Roleap Village, Roleap Commune, Kandieng District, Pursat Province, to live in Ta Ne Village, Ta Ne Commune, Bakan District, Pursat Province. When we arrived there, communal dining had not yet been initiated and there were no restrictions on our eating habits. In 1976, when communal dining began, Muslim people were forced to eat pork. The Communist threatened those who did not follow their orders.   In the case of females, they were told to choose between eating pork or having their hair cut short like a man. In the case of males, they were told to choose between eating pork or being taken away for re-education. In my case, I did not follow their orders. Every time I received my food, I would give it to my colleagues, and instead, I had salt with my meal. However, I was never caught by the Red Khmer With regard to praying or speaking the Cham language, we all were forbidden to do these things, because the Communist intended to eliminate our religion and culture as an ethnic minority. I was made aware of this policy during a meeting in the village in 1976 when the Communist said that no religious practice was allowed. Everybody had to work hard and be loyal to Angka. If anyone dared not follow orders, he/she would be considered the enemy of Angka. In the village, I never witnessed any Cham refuse to eat pork and then be taken away to be killed. Most of them followed the Communist orders, because they were afraid of being killed. In my case, I was able to hide from the Communist the fact that I was not eating pork, and no one found out about it. However, I did not dare to pray or speak the Cham language, because I was fearful of the consequences."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BB0011",
    "name": "Tin Rorn",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": null,
    "dob": "19561012",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Reconstruction of mosque in my village.",
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BB0012",
    "name": "Koub El",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Reconstruction of a mosque.",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 20, 2009",
      "description": "Elimination of religious practice:\nWhen the Communist took control over the country in 1975, I was evacuated from Trach Chrum Village, Khnar Commune, Bakan District, Pursat Province, to work as a fisherman at Tonle Sap, Region 7. [Ta] Chay, [Ta] Yong , and Phan were the chief, deputy chief, and member of the Tonle Sap fishery cooperative, respectively. There were approximately 50 to 100 people working at Tonle Sap fishery cooperative, and only three families were Muslim. Those families were comprised of my family (my wife and I), the Taom Keu family (6 members), and the Osman family (4 members). The chief of the fishery cooperative told us that we were not allowed to speak the Cham language, practice our religion, or pray. With regard to female Cham, they were not allowed to wear hijab (a headscarf), and they were forced to have their hair cut short, both of which were contrary to Islamic rules. We were not allowed to reveal ourselves as Muslims. If anyone dared to commit an offense against the [Communist (Red Khmer)] rule, he/she would be taken for re-education or execution. I used to be forced by the chief of the cooperative to eat pork. I refused his order since it was against our religion. After that, I was starved for many days because of my refusal. I think that the Communist wanted to eliminate our religion. Even our language was forbidden. I do not know why the Communist did this to us."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BB0013",
    "name": "Ly Loh",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 20, 2009",
      "description": "Elimination of religion and culture:\nWhen the Communist captured Phnom Penh in 1975, my family members and I were evacuated from Tbeng Prakiep Village, Kanhcha Commune, Kandieng District, Pursat Province, to Roluos Village, Kanhcha Commune, Kandieng District, Pursat Province. My mother, grandmother Mah, three of my younger brothers, and one younger sister were evacuated. The second relocation was from Roluos Village to Damrei Sa Village, Kandieng District, Pursat Province. There, I was assigned to work in a mobile unit together with about fifty other people. I did not know the name of the unit chief. We were Cham Muslims, but were not allowed to speak our Cham language or practice our religious traditions, including prayer. Moreover, the Communist forced me to eat pork, which was against our religious principles. I was threatened when I refused to follow their orders. The female Muslims were forced to have their hair cut short and were not allowed to wear their headscarf, both of which were against Islamic religious practices. If anyone dared to refuse orders, they would be singled out for re-education. I think that the Communist wanted to eliminate our religion."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BB0014",
    "name": "El Van",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "A school and a mosque in the village.",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 20, 2009",
      "description": "My younger brother named El Poeu was killed by the Red Khmer\nWhen the Communist took over Phnom Penh in 1975, my family members were evacuated from Chreav Village, Robos Mongkol Commune, Mong Russei District, Battambang Province, to Pursat Province. We were later moved from Pursat to Russei Kraing  Commune, Mong Russei District, Battambang Province. Our family members were separated. My elder sister El Put, my brother-in-law Ly Hor, and about twenty other relatives and I were assigned to stay and work at Boeng Prey Village. My parents, my younger brother El Poeu, and other relatives were ordered to stay and work at Chreav Village, Robos Mongkol Commune, Mong Russei District, Battambang Province. During the dry season of 1978, when El Poeu was 22 or 23 years old, he was killed by the Red Khmer  I never learned where he was taken to be killed. I found out about his execution from a friend of Poeu's, who worked with him in the same cooperative. Peou's friend told me that Poeu was accused of being a Republican soldier, and that was the reason that Poeu was taken to be killed."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BB0015",
    "name": "Math Samnap",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19620818",
    "job": "Seller",
    "reparation": "A school, a hospital, and a mosque",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 21, 2009",
      "description": "Forced labor:\nWhen the Communist captured Phnom Penh in 1975, my family and I were evacuated from Toul Kork in Phnom Penh, to Prek Kdam Kandal Province. At Prek Kdam, I was assigned to work in the children’s unit, clearing the forest on the other side of the Chheu Buon River. The children’s unit that I worked in was very large, comprising hundreds of children from different ethnic groups — Chinese, Khmer, and Cham. I cannot remember the name of our unit chief. After having worked at Prek Kdam for almost a year, all of us were moved to Odong, near Vihea Kha-puos Pagoda, in Kandal Province. There, we were assigned to gather rice and pack it in plastic bags. The rice was stored near Vihea Kha-puos Pagoda before being transferred to Phnom Penh by truck. I worked there for only a year before I was reassigned to a mobile unit in 1977 at Tbeng Kha-puos, Ponhea Leu District, Kandal Province. In addition to working in the rice field during the rainy season, I was ordered to carry earth and clear the forest. In 1978, I was transferred from Kandal Province to Battambang Province by train. I saw a lot of people on the train, but I did not know from where they came. The people in my unit were reallocated into smaller groups and sent to work at different places. Before arriving at Prey Phlaut Cooperative, Prey Tralach (old name) District, Battambang Province, I stayed overnight at Kra-laum Phluk, Battambang Province. At Prey Phlaut, I worked in a mobile unit building a dike. Our assignment was to complete two cubic meters, otherwise, we would not be allowed to rest. I did not know the unit chief in charge. In Battambang Province, I received less food than in Kandal Province — only a small bowl of watery rice gruel. Frequently, people disappeared from the unit. Most of them were those who could not complete the work assigned by the Red Khmer Once they disappeared from the unit, they never returned. However, I did not know where they were taken."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BB0016",
    "name": "Hab Yep",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": null,
    "dob": "1945",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "A mosque and a school.",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 21, 2009",
      "description": "Forced labor:\nWhen the Communist started evacuating people from Phnom Penh in 1975, my family and I were evacuated to Boeng Kak Village, Kampong Tralach District,  Kampong Chhnang Province. At Boeng Kak Village, my mother-in-law was assigned to plant vegetables, while my wife, Meu Phors, was assigned to thresh rice. I was assigned to work in a mobile unit, doing farming, digging a canal, and building a dike at Tang Krasang, Rolea Pha-ea District, Kampong Chhnang Province. Kol was in charge of the youth and he was the one who assigned us our tasks. There were ten people in my group, including Man, Chuo, and others whom I didn’t know by name. Tich ( was my group leader. We worked from dawn until dark and were allowed to rest only during lunchtime, when we were provided watery rice gruel as our meal. There were two meals per day. By giving such a small proportion of food, I think the Communist wanted to starve their own people to death. However, I do not know the truth behind this ill-treatment."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0001",
    "name": "Roeung Ren",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1954",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "In 1975, we were put to work without relief in a mobile work brigade. Some days, there was nothing to eat for the whole day. In 1976, [we] were relocated and had no permanent settlement. In 1976, I had a family and did farming in Treas Village, Phdom Commune, Thma Puok District, Battambang Province.",
      "description": null
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0002",
    "name": "Veng Leoung",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "pond",
    "details": {
      "title": "In 1978, Communist (Red Khmer) combatants took and killed my father, Veng, and my brothers, Veng Kouy and Veng Plong, under the accusation that they were enemies. They were taken to be executed on the north side of Tbeng Village, Bo Sbov Commune, Serei Saophoan District, Banteay Meanchey Province.",
      "description": "People who witnessed the incident are:\nMin Brem, female, 76, mother\nVeng Teav, male, 50, older brother\nVeng Von, male, 58, older brother\nThe regime killed my family members, forced [us] to work without relief and provided only a small amount of food to eat. When we fell ill, they said that we had consciousness decease. They put us to work even though we were sick. In addition, they put us to work without relief and we had no freedom at all."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0003",
    "name": "Veang Khei",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": null,
    "reparation": "Road and School",
    "details": {
      "title": "In 1976, the Communist (Red Khmer) had me build the dam in Treas Village, putting me to work without relief, making me unable to study, and separating me from my family.",
      "description": null
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0004",
    "name": "Khuonh Khuon",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "dam and road",
    "details": {
      "title": "In 1977, the Communist (Red Khmer) evacuated people out of Leu Village, Pel Biet Commune, Thma Puo District. In Thma Puok cooperative, people ate collectively and received one ladle of rice soup. My parents were forced to work without relief, transplanting rice seedlings.",
      "description": "In June 1978, my family was selected from sixty families of new people to be transported by cart to Thma Puok cooperative. At dusk, they counted the number of people in each family, to determine whether all members of every family were present. As a result, they found out that two people – my father and our neighbor – were missing. Shortly afterward, they ordered their security police to take my father and other uncle (neighbor) to plow the paddy fields in Kumro Village, Kumro Commune, one kilometer from Thma Puok.\nDuring that time, my father did not visit us because he had swollen disease.  Only the neighbor was able to visit.  When he arrived, my mother asked him about my father. He said that my father could not come because his legs were swollen. A short while later, I heard him tell my mother to look after the children as he was preparing to leave. Then he escaped. But the Communist (Red Khmer) chased him immediately. [I] did not know what happened after that.\nThen they started loading people onto the carts and heading for the high school. They guarded people along the way all the time. When all the carts were about to leave, they shouted that two more carts were needed for two additional families. Then one woman said they could not leave, because her husband had not yet arrived. They allowed the mother and aunt to stay there.\nAn hour later, when they drove the cart back. I clearly saw that they came to wash the blood off their bodies, sticks, Srange sticks, [a kind of tree], swords, snor chakk trei [ a kind of fishing tool], and axes. “Take two other families, but no need to take the mother,� they shouted. “Go to sleep at the dining hall,� Cheat shouted.\nThe following morning, we returned home and dared not talk to one another. From that moment on, they decreased our ration until my two sisters died from starvation. I cut Antriengkhet, [a kind of tree] to make fertilizer. I do not recall their names; I was only eight years old (I recall my father’s name.)"
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0005",
    "name": "Ung Naot",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1949",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "In early 1977, the Communist (Red Khmer) evacuated people from Kok Village to a cooperative in Thma Puok. I do not know who evacuated the people, but the Kok Prech village chief was Kann. I am not certain why they needed to evacuate the village. After the village people left home, the Communist (Red Khmer) forces came into the village.",
      "description": "During the evacuation, the Communist (Red Khmer) informed village people as well as my brother-in-law’s family, consisting of four family members, to collect all their belongings and load them onto the cart.  They stated that Angkar wanted everyone to grow cotton at new location. From that day until now, I have never heard anything about his family. There was no one remaining from his family, except one child who had stayed with my parents and remains alive today.\nI knew that when my brother’s family left their house to go to work, the Communist (Red Khmer) cadres might have checked the house and seen the photo taken during the Republican regime. Based on the photo, my brother was a soldier."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0006",
    "name": "Ek Chun",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Between 1977 and 1978, my family and I suffered from the crimes committed by Pol Pot regime.",
      "description": "- Being forced to build, blocking water of San-tha river, from Ba Phnom district to Kampong Trabek district, Prey Veng province\n- Building canal at Svay Rieng district\n- Malnutrition, overwork\n- Fearing of loosing life every day in case assigned task could be completed\n- Dare not speak of exhaustion, being far away from family , and malnutrition."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0007",
    "name": "Yung Yeun",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "In 1976, the Communist (Red Khmer) assigned me to build Trapeang Thma dam. The Communist (Red Khmer) put me to work without relief, day and night. Eating insufficient food, I became exhausted.",
      "description": "In 1977, the Communist (Red Khmer) evacuated my family from Kok Prech Village to a new village, Kok Metai cooperative. In January, 1978, the Communist (Red Khmer) ordered me to dig O Taphal Canal, located in Preah Net Preah of Region 5. On August 28, 1978, the Communist (Red Khmer) arrested my uncle and sibling and took them for re-education, and they have never been seen since."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0008",
    "name": "Pres Chhaut",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1962",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "In 1975, as a child, [I] served in a mobile work brigade of Kok Rormiet Village, Kok Rormiet District, Thma Puok District. On July 18, 1977, they relocated [me] from Kok Rormiet Village to Thma Puok Village, Thma Puok Commune, Thma Puok District. In a mobile work brigade, I carried two cubic meters of soil per day to build Kok Chas Dam. Rations were insufficient, and my family was separated.",
      "description": null
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0009",
    "name": "Yun Bep",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19631109",
    "job": null,
    "reparation": "School, road, and dam",
    "details": {
      "title": "Instead of allowing me to study, the Communist (Red Khmer) regime forced me to harvest rice, and collect cow dung and put it into the paddy fields. They did not give us enough food to eat. In 1977, they ordered me to carry the soil at 17 April Dam, located in Pursat Province, day and night, without caring that people were suffering from exhaustion. In 1978, the Communist (Red Khmer) ordered me to build Kamping Puoy Dam.",
      "description": null
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0010",
    "name": "Khot Savy",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "From 1975 to 1976, the Communist (Red Khmer) forced me to give them my cattle and property. Then they killed my father, two older brothers, one younger brother, and one younger sister. They made me plow the paddy fields as if I were a cow. Then I had to carry the soil at Cheung Kros Dam. In 1977, they tried to capture me when I escaped to Thailand. My wife and children were relocated to Thma Puok and had only rice to eat.",
      "description": null
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0011",
    "name": "Rit Khet",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Pond and Well",
    "details": {
      "title": "In 1977, my two siblings – Chhom Chhan and Chhom Chhoeum, both teachers – were taken to be executed by Communist (Red Khmer) cadres. They were accused of being Republican civil servants and taken to be killed at Thma Dekkes. The Communist (Red Khmer) said [people] were being taken for re-education and they prepared carts in my village. Instead, they killed people. [We] became aware of this incident because one man named Tapp Dang escaped.",
      "description": "Life during this time was full of suffering, because there was no food to eat except rice soup, and everyone had to work without relief.   Sometimes, two hundred or three hundred people ate only five or six cans of rice mixed with some vegetables, such as banana, pumpkin, and manioc."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0012",
    "name": "Peak Chhoeuy",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Pond",
    "details": {
      "title": "In 1977, the Communist (Red Khmer) cadres arrested my father, Vann Peak, and took him to be executed. He was accused of being a Republican civil servant and was taken to be killed at Banteay Thma Puok, where former soldiers were killed by the Communist (Red Khmer) military cadres.",
      "description": "People who knew about the incident are Peak Thoeuy, male, 54, Plong Hang, male, 56, and Im Poeuy, male, 57, living in Banteay Chmar Commune, Thma Puok District, Battambang Province.\nThe regime committed executions, forced people to build dams, starved people by giving them insufficient food, and made them work day and night, without relief. People who got sick were called people who had consciousness disease. People who did not put effort into working were taken to be killed. To these people they said, “To keep you is no gain and to destroy you is no loss.� They used sticks and Sangke sticks, [a kind of tree.]"
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0013",
    "name": "Ly Hor",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": null,
    "dob": null,
    "job": null,
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0014",
    "name": "Sann Kry Ya",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19670804",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "They forced [Chams] to eat collectively and also to eat pork. They eliminated religious practices and our freedom. All of our possessions were collected and used as collective property.",
      "description": null
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0015",
    "name": "Slai Man Mosa",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19740102",
    "job": "Religious teacher (Tuon)",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Confirmation letter:",
      "description": "I am Matt Him, male, currently living in Bali Lai Village, Baoy Pet Commune, O Chroeu District, Banteay Meanchey Province. I am the Governor of Banteay Meanchey Province. I want to clarify that Slai Man Mosa has resettled from Monkol Borei District, Banteay Meanchey Province to Bali Lai Village, Baoy Pet Commune, O Chroeu District, Banteay Meanchey Province.\nThis information is put forth to the ECCC.\nBali Lai Village, March 23, 2009"
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0016",
    "name": "El Pun Ya Min",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19610505",
    "job": "Teacher (Tuon)",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0017",
    "name": "Prum Suom",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": "Under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, I lost my son and husband because the Communist (Red Khmer) took them for re-education and I do not know whether they are still alive or dead. My husband was a musician. (At that time, he had a high position.) Then the Communist (Red Khmer) killed my parents, took away our property, and burned our house. (This incident took place when people were evacuated out of Phnom Penh.) During the evacuation, [people] were relocated to Kravanh District, Pursat Province. Angkar forced me to harvest paddy fields day and night after I had just given birth to my child (three months). I was starved and overworked.",
      "description": "On September 13, 1973 , I saw Angkar kill Raing, my neighbor, who was accused of stealing Angkar’s food.  After watching him eat the food, Angkar killed him. One day, I saw a military truck taking village people from my cooperative for re-education. Afterward, those people disappeared forever.\nPeople responsible for the crimes committed are the Communist (Red Khmer) leaders who killed many people. I believe this because I heard about the Communist (Red Khmer) Tribunal on air."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0018",
    "name": "Tort Kriya",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1968",
    "job": "Religious teacher (Tuon)",
    "reparation": "Hospital and Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "- Starvation, overwork",
      "description": "- No communication between family members, evacuation from one village to other villages.\n- Confiscate property, including cow, buffalo, plate, pot, clothes, and house"
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0019",
    "name": "Ek You Soh",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "I was evacuated from my home village to Battambang Province. Traveling was difficult along the road. Under the regime, [I] was mistreated, starved, and forced to work without relief. Though I am Cham, I could not worship and follow our tradition, because it was not allowed.",
      "description": "Interview by phone with Ek You Soh\nat the Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam), on April 26, 2009,\nstarting from 02:22 p.m. to 02:58 p.m.\nInterviewer, Sokvisal Kimsroy\nLost relatives:\nIn mid-1978,  I lost six family members.\nThe first loss was my younger sister, Sai Nop.\nDuring that time, my sister was put to work in a mobile work brigade at Prek Sis Village, O Russey Commune, Kampong Trach District, Kampong Chhnang Province. She died from overwork, starvation, and a lack of medicine and medical staff. She died in a field while digging a canal. A Khmer person, who worked in the mobile brigade and whose name I do not recall, witnessed the incident.   In the village, there was no medical staff nor hospital. I do not know the Communist (Red Khmer) cadre who served as unit chief, village chief, or security police chief. I think the Communist (Red Khmer) leaders are responsible for her death.\nThe second loss is another younger sister, My Min.\nShe died in a mobile work brigade at Prey Sis Village, O Russey Commune, Kampong Trach District, Kampong Chhnang Province. She died from starvation and overwork. My family and I did not witness the incident, because we had been relocated to another region. I learned of this incident after 1979 upon meeting a Khmer family whose child also died in the same mobile work brigade. However, I do not remember their name. To  me, the upper level Communist (Red Khmer) are responsible for her death even though I do not know who forced her to work without relief and gave her such insufficient food to eat.\nThe third loss is my father, Ek Sa-aus.\nMy father died in O Leaphaiet District, Kampong Chhnang Province – the village and commune were unknown to me. I do not know the village, unit, or security police chief in that place. My mother, Sit, witnessed the incident, because they were together. The upper level Khmer Route are responsible for his death. As an old man, my father died from starvation. I do not know who starved him.\nThe fourth loss is my mother, Sit Saryfah.\nI am not sure about the death of my mother. From my point of view, she died in the village where my father died and she might have died from starvation. For this incident, I do not know who starved them or who the village and security police chief were.\nMy younger brothers: It Brahim and Sen Saliman.\nMy two younger brothers disappeared in Prek Sis Village, O Russey Commune. I do not know what happened to the two of them. I do not know whether they were beaten with a stick and rifle or if they escaped to live abroad. However, I believe they both must have died."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0020",
    "name": "Matt Sen",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Mosque",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March24, 2009",
      "description": "Forced labor and starvation :\nWhen the Communist (Red Khmer) captured Phnom Penh in 1975, my family and I were evacuated to an unknown village and commune of Battambang Province. During that time, they put [us] to work farming and growing crops, with no relief. One time, I picked some bananas to cook and eat. At that time I lived in Nikum Village, Thma Kol District, Battambang Province.  The Communist (Red Khmer) found out what I did and then prohibited our family from taking more food.  They advised us that all food was to be shared and individual families could not prepare food for themselves. The incident may have taken place during the rainy season between 1975 and 1976.\nPreviously, the Communist (Red Khmer) had warned me when my wife stole a duck to eat because she was starving. When I went to transport firewood, the Communist (Red Khmer) took my wife for re-education because she stole the duck which she herself had raised. The Communist (Red Khmer) warned my wife, El Ty, that if the duck disappeared again, they would take her and kill her. I do not recall the names of the security police. I knew Sam, the person who was in charge of the village, but I did not know the other people."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0021",
    "name": "Matt Him",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Kampuchea",
    "dob": "19650617",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 24, 2009",
      "description": "Lost relatives:\nIn the rainy season of 1978, a Communist (Red Khmer) cadre (unknown) sought out my cousin, Min Matt, and ordered him to grow crops in a location unknown to him.. Min Matt lived in Andaung Thma Village, Stung Trang District, Kampong Cham Province. The Communist (Red Khmer) called upon him when he was building a dyke at a construction site at Stung Trang District.\nFrom that moment on, he has never returned. I learned of this incident from my parents. I think my brother was killed by the Communist (Red Khmer), because he has never returned. I do not know why the Communist (Red Khmer) captured him.\nApproximately a month and a half later, the Communist (Red Khmer) called upon my younger brother and cousin, Min Tin (male) and Min Saros (female), a sibling of Min Matt, at nighttime, and they were taken to an unknown place. I do not know why the Communist (Red Khmer) took them away. They have not been seen since. I learned of this incident from my parents."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0022",
    "name": "Sop Vi Set",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19450505",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "Property lost:",
      "description": "- two places\n- two plots of land\n- Three hectares of paddy field\n- Boat, board, bike, motorbike"
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0023",
    "name": null,
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": null,
    "dob": null,
    "job": null,
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-BM0024",
    "name": "Theng Nit",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "In 1976, the Communist (Red Khmer) forced me to build a dike, Tameng, located in Phkoam Village.  Between 1977 and 1978, the Communist (Red Khmer) mistreated the families of two of my uncles, making them do dry-season farming.  Since that time, they have disappeared. Relatives were separated and overworked.",
      "description": null
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KC0091",
    "name": "Sos Mousteut",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19600601",
    "job": "Farmer and fisherman",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "The loss of my relatives under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime",
      "description": "One night after the 17th of April, 1975, people arrived in my village. A group of unknown Communist (Red Khmer) militiamen came to arrest my grandfather, Smah, from his house, which was located in village 5, Svay Khleang commune, Krauch Chmar. They tied him up, loaded him onto a cart, and took him away. I did not witness the incident. However, the next morning after the incident, upon visiting his house, I learned from my grandmother, Chao (deceased), that my grandfather had been taken away by a group of unknown Communist (Red Khmer) militiamen.\nHe was arrested, because he was a well-known senior, and the head of the mosque in the village. As I recall, they [the Communist (Red Khmer)] initially arrested and killed the well-known, senior villagers and intellectuals. Those who were arrested, never returned. At the time, I was 10 or 11 years old, and I do not remember who the chiefs of the village, the unit, or the cooperative were.\nThe Communist (Red Khmer) arrested, and then made the Cham-Muslims disappear, in that order. The As the situation became intolerable, Cham-Muslims in the village rose up, grabbed their knives and swords, and rebelled against the Communist (Red Khmer). During the rebellion, at approximately 8 or 9, [people] beat the drum to signal all Cham-Muslims to rise up and rebel against the Communist (Red Khmer), because [we would] die, no matter if we rebelled or not. Hearing the announcement, my brother grabbed his long knife and went to join with others. At night, we did not hear gunfire. The bloody fight took place about four or five p.m., and of course, the rounds then from rifles and artilleries, broke out one after another. At dusk, when the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers surrounded our village, we retreated.\nDuring this time, I witnessed the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers arrest young and elderly men, and walk them to a kiln where they processed tobacco. This was located at the end of the Daem Chrai pagoda of Daem Chrai village, Krauch Chmar commune, Kampong Cham province. My father, Smah Suh, and older brother, Soh Kry-ya, were among those arrested. Children and women were taken to the Daem Chrai pagoda and the Poprek pagoda. My family, consisting of my mother, my fourth sister, Soh Sryfah, who now lives in Prepra, Phnom Penh city, my fifth sister, Soh Mary-yah, who now lives next to my fourth sister’s house, and myself, were brought to the Po Prek pagoda, which was located in Krauch Chmar commune, Krauch Chmar district, Kampong Cham province . Before being deported to another area, we were detained at the pagoda for half a month. By that time, there was no one living in the village. They were all forced to move out. When we were at the Po Prek pagoda, unknown Communist (Red Khmer) cadres ordered us to do nothing. We did nothing, and waited for the day of our deportation. I think that they detained us at that place, because they wanted to starve us to death. I say this, because I saw four jars there. They [the Communist (Red Khmer)] put some watery rice soup into those jars, and then filled those jars with water taken from the river. Then they gave us a ladle of that watery rice soup to eat. I do not know who took charge of the pagoda at the time. I saw one unknown elderly woman drown herself, because [she] was suffering too much, and her husband had been shot dead during the rebellion by Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers.\nNext, the Communist (Red Khmer) used a boat to deport my family and other Cham-Muslim families to Raka Khnol village (village 5), Raka Khnol commune, Krauch Chmar district, Kampong Cham province. I recall some families, such as the family of Ly Souky, who now lives in the village with me, the family of Yey Tit (deceased), and the family of Pou Ly (deceased). We lived in Raka Khnol for two years. When living there, I was assigned to take care of cows. My unit chief was Tru (deceased). I do not know who the village chief, the unit chief, or the cooperative chief was. In Raka Khnol village, Cham-Muslims were not forced to eat pork, but they prohibited us from speaking our language, praying, keeping our hair long, and having our religious scriptures.\nSpeaking of food rations in Raka Khnol village, for the first half year, they gave us enough food to eat. However, later on, they gave us rice cooked with corn to eat. And eventually, they gave us only corn to eat. When living in this village, Sman Him, my cousin, was called upon to get onto a boat, and was deported to a new area, where there would be enough food to eat. The fact is, he disappeared and is still missing today. People who witnessed the incident are Mah (deseased) and his own family, who now live in the village. While I was living in the village [Roka Khnol village], I heard nothing about my brother and father, who were detained after the rebellion in the kiln where they processed tobacco.  I think that my cousin must have died, because he has never returned.\nNext, my family went to ask permission from the Communist (Red Khmer), to allow us to move, and live near my aunt, who lived in Saoy village, unknown commune, Krauch Chmar district, Kampong Cham province. At that point, they allowed us to move there. When living in Soay village, my mother was told by someone I did not know, that my fourth brother was living in Tambe district, Kampong Cham province. In 1978, Kry-ay, my brother, escaped from the killing and went to live with our family in Soay village, after he learned that our family was living there. He escaped at night. During the day, we told him to hide in the forest, behind our house. And at night, he stayed inside the house. This went on for a week. One day, two unknown Communist (Red Khmer) [cadres] told us to move to a new village, where enough food would be provided.  Since my brother, Kry-ya, had told me, that being taking to a new village meant taking people to be killed, I lied to those two Communist (Red Khmer) cadres, saying that we would go after my mother recover from her illness. After that, they allowed us to stay in the village. Right after this, I went to find my fourth brother, but he had already left. We did not find out what happened to him later on. On the day that they came to deport us to a new area, we had decided to escape to the forest, because if we did not do so, all of us would have been killed. I remember my brother told me, that after the rebellion, those detained in the kiln were they processed tobacco, had all been executed. I think that my father was executed, because they thought he was one of those who joined the rebellion. However, I do not know where he was killed, or who killed him. My brother, Kry-ya is still missing today.\nI still wonder if he is alive, or has already died. However, if he were still alive, he would have returned. I think that the Communist (Red Khmer) leaders are responsible for the death of my brother."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KC0095",
    "name": "Hoeum Slayman",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19451010",
    "job": "Stay at home",
    "reparation": "Mosque",
    "details": {
      "title": "The loss of relatives under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime during the rebellion",
      "description": "Prior to the Communist (Red Khmer)’s victory day of April 17, 1975, my family consisted of my wife, Cho Imnah, my first son, Slaiman Mousa, my second daughter, Slaiman Amboroet, my third son, Slaiman Min, my fourth daughter, Slaiman Sanahh, and myself. We lived together in village 5, Svay Khleang commune, Krauch Chmar district, Kampong Cham province. Four or five months after Phnom Penh evacuees arrived in the village, the Cham rebellion broke out, led by the Cham-Muslims, who lived in the village. Prior to the rebellion, unknown Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers had been arresting wealthy Cham-Muslims, and religious leaders, such as Kim and Tuon, and killing them day after day.\nAt the time, the villagers and I were convinced, that the Communist (Red Khmer) was killing these people, because no one was returning. At first, the Communist (Red Khmer) arrested six people at a time. However, later on, the number of Cham-Muslims arrested kept rising continuously, until the day of the rebellion. I heard that some Cham-Muslims were transported to and detained at a prison in the Krauch Chmar district. I recall some of the Cham-Muslims arrested were:  Kol Phin, a wealthy man; Tam, Tuoon; Ly Mousa, religious leader; and others whose names I forget. Because more and more Cham-Muslim people were being arrested every day, the Cham-Muslims grabbed their swords and rebelled against the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers. Other specific people, the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers arrested, were Him Sann, my older brother, Him Matt, my younger brother, and the commune chief under the Republican regime. The soldiers held them at gunpoint, and took them away. This incident also took place before the rebellion. I did not witness the incident, nor do I know how or why the soldiers killed them. I learned about the incident from my sister-in-law, Sen Sreymah, who now lives in this village. I knew that the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers had arrested my brothers, but I did not know who ordered them to do so. I think my brothers were killed right away.\nOne day, aware in advance that the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers planned to arrest a hundred and twenty Cham-Muslims, we gathered our forces and rebelled [against the Communist (Red Khmer)], in order to fight for freedom and our religion. At the time, my father, my two sons, and I held swords and went to guard our village. We stationed ourselves at different positions. Then the fighting broke out and lasted for one whole day; from six or seven a.m. to six or seven the next day. We had nothing, but knives and swords to fight against the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers, who were all armed with guns, and had surrounded our village. At the time, lots of our people were killed, while only one Communist (Red Khmer) soldier was executed.\nDuring the whole day of the rebellion, my father and two sons disappeared. As soon as the rebellion was over, my family escaped from the village. We did so because we were afraid of being killed by the Communist (Red Khmer). There were many other Cham-Muslim families who escaped the village with my family, but I do not recall their names. I think my father and sons were killed during the rebellion, because I was stationed in the middle of the village at the time, while they grabbed swords and knives to take up stations at different positions.\nI think the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers, sent to suppress the rebellion, killed my father and my sons. However, I do not recognize their faces or know the soldiers’ names. Moreover, I do not know who is responsible for the death of my father, sons, and relatives.\nPart C: Harm\nBecause of the Communist (Red Khmer), I lost many relatives and property, such as cows, a boat, and a cart. I have always thought of my family and relatives and wondered how they were killed. If they had not been killed, we would have lived together happily. Whenever, I think of them, I feel unwell and am unable to sleep. I have never gone to the hospital or used any medications at all."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0001",
    "name": "Att On",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Mental hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "I would like to request that the Communist (Red Khmer) Tribunal prosecute Duch because he tortured and executed a large number of people, including Mom Rem, my cousin.  I discovered a photo of my cousin at Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum during a tour organized by the Documentation Center of Cambodia in 2006. In addition, Say Sam-Ol (my brother) and Say Sokhom (my sister) were killed at Tuol Sleng. I could not find their photo, but I did see their biographical documents.",
      "description": "Personally, I suffered a lot of hardship and physical pain due to the harsh working conditions under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime.  To this day, I am still physically weak. The suffering associated with the loss of my relatives at Tuol Sleng Prison is particularly difficult.\nIn 1978, in Taing Talatt Village, Pneal Commune, Samrong Torng District, Kampong Speu Province, I saw Communist soldiers strike a woman because she had spilled some unhusked rice. I witnessed the incident because at that time I was part of a group of women who were transporting bags of unhusked rice.\nAnother terrifying event which occurred after the Communist took control of the country was during my work assignment with the mobile unit of Region 15, Bantheay Preap. While I was returning from work at midnight, I witnessed a Communist (Red Khmer) cadre strangle a man with a rope. However, I didn’t know the reason for the execution.\nThe story of my cousin, Mom Rem, who was arrested and sent to Tuol Sleng Prison, was also shocking to me. Furthermore, at the end of 1978, my elder brother Say Sam-Ol, and my elder sister Say Sokhom, were transferred to S-21 Security Center, accused of being traitors.  I didn’t witness the arrest; however, I would like to file a complaint against the afore-mentioned crimes. Should the tribunal have any inquiries or doubts, please seek further information via the Documentation Center of Cambodia or directly through me."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0002",
    "name": "Mao Chann Than",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Chief of Khmer Civilization Association",
    "reparation": "Pagoda",
    "details": {
      "title": "My father was killed on 17 April 1975, and my mother, due to the suffering associated with  the loss of her husband, passed away on 19 April 1975.",
      "description": "Additional Information:  (dated 25 March 2009)\nEvacuation:\nOn 17 April 1975, I returned from a visit with friends where I had been inquiring about air travel to America, and was shocked to find my father’s body, covered with blood and lying on the ground at his house near Pochentong Airport. He had been shot by a group of ten Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers. My father died in his military pilot uniform of the Republican Armed Forces. My father’s name was Metheavy.\nImmediately upon witnessing the scene, I hurried on to find my mother who lived at a different house near the Independence Monument (my father had two houses, one near his workplace at Pochentong Airport, and the other near the Independence Monument). My mother’s name was Sah Kou.  I discovered that the Communist (Red Khmer) had evacuated my mother and sister along National Road 5. There were throngs of evacuees filling the road. After my mother heard the news about the death of my father, she said to me, “The situation is now different and we will all have to adjust.� The next morning, my mother passed away when we reached Udong. No one was able to help bury her body. In the end, only my sister, Saophorn Saophy, and I remained. After that, I had no relatives or friends who would offer support. They acted as if they didn’t know me. At the end of 1975, an ethnic militia chief (either Kring or Stieng minority) took my sister and me to live in his village at Trapeang Commune, Tambe District, Kampong Cham Province. In 1976, my uncle’s family was killed by being struck and thrown into the well at Thlok Nhanh. In 1978, my sister died of malnutrition. At the end of 1978, I joined the struggle to liberate Phnom Penh and was trained in Vietnam."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0003",
    "name": "Pech Sam An",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1946",
    "job": "Layman ( A Char)",
    "reparation": "Pagoda",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional Information: (dated 3 October 2009)",
      "description": "Evacuation and Execution:\nMy uncle, Keo Eng, and his family lived in Phnom Penh during the reign of King Sihanouk. In 1975, the Communist (Red Khmer) evacuated all the residents of Phnom Penh. Thus, my uncle and his family headed for his home village of Prek Chrouk Village, Kampong Braing Commune, Peareang District, Prey Veng Province.\nIn June 1975, the cooperative chief (name unknown) ordered my uncle to be re-educated. My uncle was taken from Prek Chrouk Village of Kampong Braing Commune to Snay Pul Commune and has never been seen since. During that time, the Communist (Red Khmer) took many former Republican officials to be re-educated. The rationale behind the arrest of my uncle was that he was a former Republican military policeman.\nIn 1976, Angkar evacuated my uncle, Keo Chea, and his family from Prek Chrouk Village,  Kampong Braing Commune, to Pursat Province. They have never been seen again. I was not evacuated with them and therefore didn’t know about their living conditions or specifically where they settled. I just knew the incident happened in Pursat Province. The person who authorized their evacuation was the cooperative chief, but unfortunately I don’t remember his name."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0004",
    "name": "Prak Sok",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Pagoda",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional Information:  (dated 2 October 2009)",
      "description": "Separation from family:\nIn 1975, my family lived in Koh Prak Village, Phoum Thom Commune, Kien Svay District, Kandal Province.  In 1976, the unit chief,  Ta Ngoy, assigned me to work in a mobile unit and I was not allowed to visit my wife or my children at all. Not until a year later did the Communist (Red Khmer) give me permission to have a one-day home-visit.  Afterward, I had to walk back to the worksite at Sre Ampil Village, Sdao Commune, Kien Svay District, ten kilometers away from my home. There were approximately 60 workers at this site, of which 28 were female. The mobile unit chief was named Ta Khorn. My group was responsible for overseeing the rice fields, digging canals and building dikes.\nWe had to work from 7 a.m. until 12 pm, with no breakfast. For lunch, we had watery gruel. The food ration was insufficient. Then we continued to work from 2 p.m. until 8 p.m.. When someone’s wife or child was sick, Angkar told them that “there is no need to visit because you are not a doctor. Angkar has doctors to take care of them.�\nWithin a year, Angkar distributed a set of clothing to everyone. Life under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime was miserable because I was separated from my family and subjected to hard labor  every day. If we were not conscientious about our work,  Angkar would take notice and send us to be re-educated or executed. I lived in a mobile unit in which I was separated from my family. We were not able to reunite and live together in the village until 1979."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0005",
    "name": "Un Sokha",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1954",
    "job": "Motor taxi",
    "reparation": "Pagoda",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional Information: \t(dated 2 October 2009)",
      "description": "Homicide  :\nMy father’s name was Um Run. In 1975, when the Communist (Red Khmer) took control of the country, we lived together. However in October 1975, Angkar called my father and ten other villagers to be re-educated. Three Communist (Red Khmer) militiamen came to pick them up. Unfortunately, I don’t remember their names. The arrest took place in the evening at Phlouv Trei Village, Thma Kor Commune, Lvea Em District, Kandal Province. To this day, only Chen, the security chief, has survived the regime. My father was taken to Tonle Khnong Security Office. They arrested my father because he was a district chief during the Republican regime. He was not able to escape while the Communist (Red Khmer) was in power."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0006",
    "name": "Khlok Phat",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1949",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Pagoda",
    "details": {
      "title": "Names of relatives lost during the Communist (Red Khmer) regime:",
      "description": "1.\tYeay Run\n2.\tSuy Ran\n3.\tSuy Say\n4.\tSuy Saroeun\n5.\tSuy Sokhom\n6.\tSuy Leng\nThe foregoing people were evacuated to Pursat Province in 1976. In 1979, their neighbors who survived the regime, reported that the entire family was starved and killed by the Communist (Red Khmer).\nPart C: Harms:\nProperty lost to the regime:\n1.\tHouses in Phnom Penh and hometown\n2.\tMoney and gold.\nAdditional Information: \t(dated 2 October 2009)\nEvacuation:\nOn 17 April 1975, Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers evacuated my mother (Suy Run  ) and my siblings (Suy Ran, Suy Say, Suy Saroeun, Suy Sokhom and Suy Leng) from Phnom Penh to our home village of Kbal Koh Village, Yok Bat Commune, Kien Svay District, Kandal Province. The living conditions there were very difficult because the Communist (Red Khmer) didn’t provide us with enough food (such as rice or corn) to eat. This malnutrition caused my mom to suffer from swollen disease. Because of extreme hunger, my mom secretly visited me to find food at Koh Prak Village of Phoum Thom Commune.  I risked death by surreptitiously cooking rice for her. We didn’t live together. Mothers were divided from their children and husbands were separated from their wives. Everyone ate the same food ration. Only those who dared to steal food could manage to fill their stomachs.\nIn 1976, Angkar again evacuated my mother and siblings (as named above). All I knew was that Angkar told my family to move to Pursat Province, where there was plenty of rice. At that time, my family made no objection to the evauation, because their village was suffering from starvation. Hence, my mother and siblings set off for Pursat Province.\nIn 1979, Ming Koeun, a neighbor who was also evacuated to Pursat Province and lived near my mother, told me that she herself almost died of hunger. Her husband and her children were all dead. She had nothing left. She survived the regime and returned alone to live in our village. She then told me my mother’s story, relating how Yeay Run, Suy Ran, Suy Say and Suy Sokhom had passed away due to starvation. Suy Saroeun and Suy Leng were arrested by Angkar and executed along with their children in 1979 when the Vietnamese troops invaded. Thus, none of my family members were able to return to our village. I learned this story only from Ming Koeun. I do not know in which village or commune they lived during that time. I only know that it took place in Pursat Province."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0007",
    "name": "Mut Rin",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Layman ( A Char)",
    "reparation": "Pagoda",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional Information:\t(dated 25 March 2009)",
      "description": "I am Mut Rin, male, 72 years old. I currently live in Koh Prak Village, Phoum Thom Commune, Kien Svay District, Kandal Province.\nHomicide:\nI have eight siblings. During the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, four of my siblings died of starvation. My elder brother, Mut Cheng, 50 years old, and his wife, Rop, 47 years old, died of starvation in Pursat Province. I learned this from relatives who returned to our village after the liberation of Phnom Penh in 1979. My elder sister, Mut Hou, 35 years old, also died of starvation (at Koh Prak Village, Phoum Thom Commune, Kien Svay District, Kandal Province). My elder brother, Mut Puy, 52 years old, and his wife, Vorn, along with their five children and a son-in-law named Khum, were executed by the Communist (Red Khmer). Because Khum was a soldier of the former Republican regime, the militiamen executed his entire family. This incident took place only three or four days after their arrival in Battambang Province. The other elder sister, Mut Yan, 25 years old, also died of starvation (at Koh Prak Village).\nThe above incidents occurred during the Communist (Red Khmer) regime; however, I don’t remember the exact dates."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0008",
    "name": "Im Proeung",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19390106",
    "job": "Farmer (layman)",
    "reparation": "Mental hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "About five months after 17 April 1975, the Communist (Red Khmer) cadres in Siem Reap Commune of Kandal Stung District arrested and detained me in Sang Prison, Tonle Bati [Bati River], by telling me that they needed my help to carry a long piece of bamboo which was used for climbing sugar palm trees. Along with me, the Communist (Red Khmer) took one of my blacksmith team members, Tev Ton, as well as four other people whom I had never met before.",
      "description": "When we reached the area north of Sang Tonle Bati, the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers pointed their guns at us, ordering us to raise our hands and turn to face them. They then ordered all of us to lie down facing the ground and they restrained us by pressing a foot on our back. Then they tied our hands behind our backs. After that, they ordered us to stand in line and they frisked us for tobacco, lighters and other valuable objects. Next, they told us to walk straight to Sang Tonle Bati. A Communist (Red Khmer) soldier named Yav kicked us before putting us in a cell and shackling our legs. Seven days later, Yav released Tev Ton and me from the cell because our blacksmith skills were needed inside the prison compound. A month later, the Communist (Red Khmer) soldier took me to the Tonle Bati riverbank nearby in order to inquire about my background. My legs were still shackled and my hands remained tied behind my back. Three other Communist (Red Khmer) cadres also interrogated me at that time. One conducted the interrogation while the other two held a bamboo pole and recorded my biography. They told me that I had to answer what was being asked. First, the Communist (Red Khmer) cadre asked,  “Did you join the white Khmer?� I answered, “Yes.� They continued: “What job did they order you to do?� I responded that I did the farming. They asked further, “What is the name of the leader?� I told them he was the Ampeou Prey Commune Chief named Chan. They then laughed. They followed by asking, “What did you do in Phnom Penh? Were you a captain?� I said I was a captain. “How much was your salary?� they asked. “Ten thousand,� I answered. They continued, “What was your commander’s name?� I was silent for a moment before replying that it was In Tam. They said, “You use the name of the head of state as your commander.� After that, the Communist (Red Khmer) returned me to the cell.\nDuring the period of my detention, the Communist (Red Khmer) collected my biography three times. Each time, they forced me to sit on the filthy ground, which was infested with ants which bit my whole body. This happened in 1976. Afterward, I was asked to work in the prison as a blacksmith, which I did until 7 January 1979. During that time, I was kicked many times whenever they were dissatisfied with my work. I was often beaten with a stick if I couldn’t catch up with the rest of the prisoners when we were ordered to run to our cell. At mealtime, the Communist (Red Khmer) gave us corn to eat. We were served only two meals a day, lunch and dinner, with a ladle of corn soup per meal. About 5 to 10 inmates died of hunger each day. In 1977, the Communist (Red Khmer) provided only one ladle of watery gruel per meal for the inmates.  After that, at least ten people died of hunger each day. As for water, the prisoners were responsible for finding their own water to drink whenever the Communist (Red Khmer) allowed us to work in the rice fields. At the beginning of my detention, the inmates detained nearby me (around 5 people) died from lack of water to drink because the Communist (Red Khmer) didn’t allow them to drink."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0009",
    "name": "Chakk Thoeung",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Stupa",
    "details": {
      "title": "On 2 January 1978, Chhun, the deputy chief of regiment in Kandal Stung Mobile Unit, came to my village, Kanduy Toek, located in Chamkar Khsach Commune of Kandal Stung District, to arrest me on the accusation of being a CIA agent. Later, Chhun ordered a battalion and a company to capture me and detain me in Sang Tonle Bati Prison.",
      "description": "Soon after my arrival in Sang Prison, the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers tied my hands behind my back, and kicked and shackled my legs before sending me to my cell. I was detained in Room 2 for three months, and then transferred to Room 3. Room 1 was utilized as a “dark prison� [Kuk Ngor Ngit], while Room 2 was used as a single cell and Room 3 for a mass cell of up to 40 inmates. During my detention in Room 3, the Communist (Red Khmer) ordered me to work in the rice fields, making manure. One morning while I was threshing rice at the north end of the rice field near the wall of Sang Prison, a Communist (Red Khmer) soldier named Tam called me, but unfortunately I didn’t hear his call. Tam was so furious that he suddenly took a piece of wood and hit me on my back, causing me to lose consciousness for about half an hour. Immediately upon gaining consciousness, I rushed to work again.\nA month later, I was transferred to the manure-making group with Chhoeun as my group leader. During the time I worked with Chhoeun, he ordered me to act as a horse, transporting him back and forth between the prison and the workplace, four times a day. The manure worksite was approximately one kilometer away from the prison site.\nAt the end of 1978, while I was standing inside the cell of Room 3, suddenly Each, a Communist (Red Khmer) soldier, violently twisted my ear with his hand. Three days later, my ear began bleeding  and continued bleeding for around two weeks. Since then, I have been deaf in that ear.\nIn 1979, at one o’clock in the morning, two Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers named Un and Nang came in and kicked us for no reason. My father, Yim Chakk, had been incarcerated in Sang Prison after 1975 and died in the prison before I was captured and detained there. In 1977, my mother, Mao Mi, was also arrested by the Communist (Red Khmer) and detained in Sang Prison for no reason. My mother and I managed to escape the deathly place on 7 January 1979."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0010",
    "name": "Chhim Sarom",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19520219",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Orphanage center",
    "details": {
      "title": "In 1975, I lived in Chakk Angre [Phnom Penh]. I was evacuated to Koh Thom District of Kandal Province along with my mother, husband, children and other relatives. They called us “imperialist�. “Do not betray collectivism. Do not betray Angkar,� they told us. At Koh Thom, I was assigned to build dikes, dig canals and carry earth. I informed Angkar that I was not able to carry so much earth. They then accused me of being capitalist and malingering.",
      "description": "I worked at Anlung Sla Village of Koh Thom District for six months, after which the Communist (Red Khmer) evacuated my husband, children and me to Preah Vihear Province. My mother and elder brother were executed at Svay Pagoda in Kampong Kantuot Commune, Kampong Kantuot District of Kandal Province. My husband Y, who had been evacuated to Preah Vihear, was later killed by the Communist (Red Khmer) at Chhveang Village during the harvest season between 1976 and 1977. He was slaughtered because he was a former Republican soldier. I don’t know who ordered the execution of my husband. All I know is that the order was from Angkar, the top level of the organization.\nThe Communist (Red Khmer) then started keeping an eye on me, accusing me of being a KGB or CIA agent. They were about to take me away to be executed but luckily, there was a man named Chhun, the Chhveang Commune Chief, who told them, “Keep watching him. Do not kill him yet.� After that, the Communist (Red Khmer) transferred me to build dikes and dig canals at O-Rumduol Dike, Phoum Khsang Dike and Phoum Sleng Construction Site. They also separated my children from me. During the rainy season in 1978, the Communist (Red Khmer) took a woman who was about 20 years old and killed her by slashing open her stomach. They removed her gall bladder, which was then given to her mother to eat. Angkar knew that this woman had been stealing manioc to eat, and thus, she was killed. This was the order from the top, Angkar. They told her mother that Angkar had ordered her daughter to be re-educated. The mother’s name was Chantha. Angkar expected us to have a bumper harvest of three to four tons of rice per hectare that season."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0011",
    "name": "Kory San",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19510403",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "A younger brother named Bin Noeum lost to Tuol Sleng prison:",
      "description": "In 1973, my younger brother, Bin Noeum, around 15 to 16 years old, joined the Communist (Red Khmer) forces to serve as a soldier in Division 12.  He was recruited by Chou Chhun, Chief of the Division, who lied to my mother by saying that he would put my younger brother through school at Pork Pagoda in Koh Thom District of Kandal Province. I have never seen or heard from my younger brother since that time.\nDuring the rainy season of 1977, while I was transporting rice to the cooperative in Bakou Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province, I met a woman in the mobile unit who said, “You shouldn’t visit [your brother] during these times or you will be arrested if Duch sees you.� My younger brother, who was growing vegetables there, told me, “I was detained in S-21. You should quickly go back. I was detained because my chief was a traitor.� I didn’t know the name of the chief to whom he was referring. At that time, I tried to persuade my younger brother to escape, but he refused, responding that, “If I escape, Angkar will arrest and kill our parents.� And so I returned to Veal Kandol Village, Bakou Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. Seven days later, I went to visit my younger brother once again at Khvit Village, but I didn’t see him. I asked a young man whom I did not know,  “Where is Comrade Noeum?�   He said, “Angkar has transferred Comrade Noeum to Kratie Province.� Upon hearing that news, I was scared and ran back home. Since then, I have never heard any news about my younger brother’s whereabouts. Only recently, through the Documentation Center of Cambodia, did I discover that my younger brother lost his life in Tuol Sleng Prison."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0012",
    "name": "Sman Sa",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Housewife",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "A son, Sa Matt, and a younger brother, Sman Sleh, died in Tuol Sleng Prison:",
      "description": "My son, Sa Matt, lost his life in Tuol Sleng. Between 1973 and 1974, my son was conscripted into the army along with other villagers. My son was only 14 years old at that time. My younger brother, Sman Sleh, was conscripted along with my son. Since then, both of them have disappeared. Not until 2008 did I learn that my younger brother and son lost their lives in Tuol Sleng Prison. It was the Documentation Center of Cambodia who informed me about this fact."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0013",
    "name": "Sman Nop",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Housewife",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "I am Sman Nop, a 76-year-old Muslim woman. I live in Cham Leu Village, Prek",
      "description": "Thmei Commune, Koh Thom District, Kandal Province.\nA younger brother, Sman Sleh, died in Tuol Sleng:\nMy younger brother, Sman Sleh, lost his life in Tuol Sleng (S-21). Between 1973 and 1974, the Communist (Red Khmer) conscripted villagers into their army.  They took my younger brother, who was only 15 years old at the time.  I don’t know the person who took my younger brother from home, but I think it was the village chief, Him Sleh.  My brother has never returned or been seen since.\nA nephew, Sa Matt, died in Tuol Sleng:\nMy nephew, Sa Matt, died in Tuol Sleng. My nephew left home and joined the army when he was only 14 years old. He and my younger brother were conscripted into the army at the same time and neither of them ever returned. It wasn’t until 2008 that was I informed by the Documentation Center of Cambodia that they both died in Tuol Sleng Prison."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0014",
    "name": "Roun Sreynop",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19500905",
    "job": "Fisherman",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "A younger brother named Roun Matt died in Tuol Sleng prison:",
      "description": "My younger brother, Roun Matt, lost his life in Tuol Sleng Prison. About two years before Phnom Penh was liberated by the Communist (Red Khmer), my younger brother and some other villagers were conscripted into the Communist (Red Khmer) army. A year later, my husband, Loas Sleh, went to Tumpek Mountain at Ta Khmao and brought my younger brother back home to Cham Leu Village. My younger brother was hospitalized at that time, suffering from malaria. After he recovered from his illness, his commander again took him from home, so he could return to work. I didn’t know the name of his commander. My younger brother has disappeared since that time.   Only recently did I realize through the Documentation Center of Cambodia that my younger brother died in Tuol Sleng Prison."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0015",
    "name": "Men Lay",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1930",
    "job": null,
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Men Lay. I currently live in Prek Be Village, Koh Thom Commune, Koh Thom District, Kandal Province. During the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, I also lived in the above-mentioned location. I have nine children, but two of them died during the Pol Pot regime.  Only recently did I realize that my son, Min Kan, was detained in Tuol Sleng by Angkar. Today, I am grateful to file this complaint form to the Communist (Red Khmer) Tribunal in order to seek justice for all Khmer people, as well as for my son.",
      "description": "Arrest and detention at Tuol Sleng:\nIn 1974, my son, Min Kan, was only about 16 years old. He was conscripted into the Communist (Red Khmer) army. After serving in that army for a year, he visited home in his military uniform. We didn’t talk much as he was soon called by the village chief to board a boat.  The village chief said that my son had visited home without permission and needed to return. I didn’t know the names of the people in charge. My son also told me that he came with three other friends, but I didn’t know who they were. Since then, I have never received any information from him, but I heard from my neighbor that my son was sent to Office 15 and that his commander came for him However, my neighbor didn’t know where he was taken. Only recently did I discover that my son, Min Kan, was arrested and detained in Tuol Sleng Prison at the end of 1975. He was released on 1 January 1976 and has never been seen since.\nPart C:\nMy name is Men Lay. I lost two children during the Communist (Red Khmer) regime. I was informed that my son, Min Kan, was incarcerated at Tuol Sleng Prison and was released. I always sense that my son is still alive. The longer I wait for him, the greater my pain. It rekindles memories of the time he was called away. Each time I think of my son, I get a headache and am unable to sleep. This causes me to be sick and weakens my productivity. Whenever someone asks me about my son, I always have hope, but later I get depressed when I realize that my son may not be alive. It’s painful just to remember the story. It saps my strength and ruins my appetite. The doctor used to give me medicine, but I don’t remember the name of the medicine and I no longer have the prescription."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0016",
    "name": "Try Ngichleang",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19660205",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "I am Try Ngech Leang, a female, currently living in Prek Po Village, Toek Vil Commune, Sa-ang District, Kandal Province.  I would like to file a complaint against the detention of my elder brother, Khoeung Muoy Soar, in Tuol Sleng Prison.",
      "description": "About 1972 or 1973, my elder brother volunteered to join the army. We didn’t receive contact from him until 1975, when he visited home for the first time.  My mother was sick when he visited, so he stayed for a full day. Before he left, he told me that he would send medicine. About a week later, his messenger brought medicine to my mother. I didn’t know the messenger’s name. Since then, my elder brother has never returned. Only when the Documentation Center of Cambodia gave me my elder brother’s biography did I learn that he was detained in Tuol Sleng Prison. I think he is dead."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0017",
    "name": "Ly Khiek",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19470812",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "I am Ly Khiek, a male, currently living in Treuy Tring Village, Prek Ambil Commune, Sa-ang District, Kandal Province.  I would like to file a complaint against the detention of my younger sister, Uy Ren, in Tuol Sleng Prison.",
      "description": "In 1970, my younger sister joined the Communist (Red Khmer) army in order to fight against Republican. She was less than 20 years old. At that time, she volunteered to join the army, along with other villagers. In 1977, she visited home for only a few hours and then she left. Since that time, she has disappeared. She didn’t reveal anything about her situation. I have just learned through the Documentation Center of Cambodia that my younger sister was detained in Tuol Sleng Prison"
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0018",
    "name": "Beng Chann Than",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19620702",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "I am Beng Chann Than, a male, currently living in Preah Theat Village, Prek Sdei Commune, Koh Thom District, Kandal Province.  I would like to file a complaint against the detention of my elder brother, Beng Pum, in Tuol Sleng Prison. Before 1970, my elder brother quit the monkhood and joined the army in order to fight against Thiv Ky. Before Phnom Penh was liberated, he managed to visit home a few times.",
      "description": "The last time my elder brother visited home was about 1976. Since then, I have never seen him again. When he visited us, we didn’t talk much. He stayed with us for two or three days. Since that visit, I have never received any information about him or his whereabouts. Only recently was I informed by the Documentation Center of Cambodia that my elder brother was detained in Tuol Sleng Prison. He was later released, however, he never returned home. I think that he is dead."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0019",
    "name": "Yon Chheun",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1942",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "I am Yun Chheun, a male, currently living in Prek Thun Village, Prek Thmei Commune, Koh Thom District, Kandal Province.  I would like to file a complaint against the detention of my nephew, Yun Loeun, in Tuol Sleng Prison.",
      "description": "My nephew, Yun Loeun, lived with me ever since he was young. Loeun’s mother, Yun Beng, was my elder sister. Beng remarried when Loeun was around 3 years old. After her marriage, my sister left Loeun and went to live with her new husband in Kampong Chham Province. She never returned. Loeun then lived with me until 1970, when, at the age of 15 or 16 years old, he left home to be a soldier. After that, Loeun disappeared and never returned home. I have just learned from the Documentation Center of Cambodia that Loeun was detained in Tuol Sleng Prison."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0020",
    "name": "Hegn Ngich Hong",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19691201",
    "job": "Seller",
    "reparation": "Religious ceremony",
    "details": {
      "title": "I am Heng Ngech Hong, a female, currently living in Damrei Chhlang Village, Sa-ang Phnom Commune, Sa-ang District, Kandal Province. I would like to file a complaint against the detention of my father, Sok Heng, in Tuol Sleng Prison.",
      "description": "My family lived in Prek Run Village, Prek Kory Commune, Sa-ang District, Kandal Province. When Phnom Penh was liberated in 1975, my family was still living in Prek Run Village. During the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, I remember that my father was assigned to cook rice at Tuol Kra Saing in Kandal Province. After losing contact with him, my mother, whose name is Sai Kea, began to secretly ask people if they knew his whereabouts. My mother asked the people who lived with my father. She was told that “they [the Communist (Red Khmer)] arrested and detained him in Koh Kor Prison.�  This is the only information I knew about him. After the Vietnamese troops entered the country, my neighbors, who had visited Phnom Penh, told me that they saw my father’s photo at Tuol Sleng Prison. Not long after hearing this, I visited Tuol Sleng Prison and there I indeed saw his photo. Recently, the Documentation Center of Cambodia invited me to visit Tuol Sleng once again and I again saw my father’s photo there."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0021",
    "name": "Ros Nim",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "194608",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Separation from Family:",
      "description": "From 17 April 1975 onward, I was separated from my wife.  My wife was assigned to live in Koh Khnor Cooperative, and I was ordered by Angkar to work in the unit of Prek Roka Commune. Later I worked in the district unit there. After we were separated, I rarely saw my wife. Angkar only permitted me a short visit during noon to see my wife. Kung Sophea (alias Touch) was the person who ordered us to be separated. Touch said that Angkar believed that husbands and wives should not live or work together because this would not contribute to Angkar’s goal of eliminating all family ties and private thoughts.  I had to stay in the commune unit while my wife was in the cooperative. My house was demolished and turned into a trench and granary. Not only was my house demolished, but other peoples’ houses were also destroyed."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0022",
    "name": "Yuos Saroeun",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19380810",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Yuos Saroeun.  I currently live in Chambak Trap Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "Lost of elder brother, Yuos Prim, who was killed by the Communist (Red Khmer):\nDuring the 12th lunar month of 1977, my elder brother, Prim, was arrested and held for  execution by the Communist (Red Khmer) at La-ngeun Secondary School in Kandaeng Reay Commune, Kanh Cheach District, Prey Veng Province. The Communist (Red Khmer) arrested him while he was working on the rubber plantation at Pean Chunh Cheang, in Koh Sotin District of Kampong Cham Province. I don’t know the name of the person who captured my elder brother. The Communist (Red Khmer) killed him because he was accused of being affiliated with the Vietnamese. I learned this story from my elder sister, Nhik Rim."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0023",
    "name": "Uy El",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1939",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Died of starvation:",
      "description": "My brother-in-law, Chheng Nim, died of starvation in February 1976 in Champei Commune, Bati District, Takeo Province. I didn’t witness his death because he and his family had been evacuated from their home village to Kang Pisey District of Kampong Speu Province. I learned the story from my elder sister (his wife) after the liberation of 7 January 1979. My sister, who is named Uy Khen, is alive but in her old age.\nI didn’t have any relatives who were detained in Sang Prison during the Communist (Red Khmer) regime. In fact, I had no idea about what was happening in Sang Prison due to the fact that I lived in Kampong Speu Province during the Communist (Red Khmer) reign (1975-1979)."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0024",
    "name": "Chhim Morn",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19560615",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Commune hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Chhim Morn.  I am 52 years old and currently live in Koh Khnor Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "In May 1975, my uncle, Chhim Chann, along with his two children (a son named Chhim Vann Than and a daughter named Chhim Vann Neang), two sons-in-law/daughters-in-law, two grandchildren and an uncle/aunt, were evacuated from Phnom Penh to his home village. A month later, they were all relocated to Battambang Province. The cooperative chief was named Im Chhum. The person who ordered the evacuation of my uncle’s family to Battambang Province was Keo Koy. My uncle and his family were evacuated because he was a rich person in the village.  In addition, his son was a lieutenant and his son-in-law, Rin, was an officer in the Ministry of Interior during the Republican regime. I witnessed the evacuation of my uncle’s family, as well as ten other families, to Battambang Province.\nSoon after their arrival in Battambang, his family was separated; old people lived in one place; youth and children lived in another place. My uncle was assigned to live in Region 4 at Tram Seh Village, Preah Ampil Commune, Mong Russey District. Mong Russey District was close to Trapeang Chorng District. So most people called it either Mong Russey or Trapeang Chorng.\nAfter the harvest of April 1976, his son and son-in-law were arrested and detained in Kandaol Dom Security Office (Pursat Province) or Prey Trach Security Office (because this security office was behind the Preah Ampil Cooperative where his family lived). The inmates were detained for a month during which they were starved and forced to do hard labor. After that, they were executed in the compound of Prey Trach Security Office where there were many pits on the  north side of the office. It was a jungle.\nHis son and son-in-law were killed in Prey Trach Security Office because they had worked for the former government in Phnom Penh and they were senior students. The office’s chief, Ta Sam, ordered the arrest. The village chief, Yean, gave the order to other two militiamen (unknown names). I learned this story from my neighbor, Nhep Sopheap, who was also evacuated to Region 4 at Tram Seh Village,  Preah Ampil Commune, at that time.\nIn 1978 my uncle, as well as his daughter, daughter-in-law, two grandchildren and an uncle/aunt, died of starvation. In Preah Ampil Cooperative, people began to suffer from hunger when quotas for rice production were increased, especially because they were forced to perform hard labor (such as using human labor instead of cows for plowing). Ta Sam was the Preah Ampil Cooperative Chief and the chief of Prey Trach Security Office. He was the one who caused the starvation and forced my uncle and his family to be worked to death. I learned the story from Nhep Sopheap, a neighbor who lived in the village. She currently lives in Prek Roka Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.\nPart C:  Civil Party Status:\nI am Chhim Morn, 52 years old, currently living in Koh Khnor Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. After learning that my uncle, Chhim Chann, and his eight family members were exterminated through torture, forced labor, and starvation, I grieved deeply and felt very sorry for them. I have suffered emotional trauma as a result of the barbarous Communist (Red Khmer) regime which controlled Cambodia and separated me forever from my uncle’s family.\nIn 1989, I often experienced headaches. For about a month, I became unable to move my arms and legs, though these symptoms eventually stopped.   I think I became sick because of the stress associated with thinking about my uncle and his family who were executed by the Communist (Red Khmer). I went to see a doctor in Kandal Stung District in Kandal Province; however, I lost the prescription. Even today, I sometimes still have  headaches."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0025",
    "name": "Tuon Rin",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1941",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "I am Tuon Rin, 67 years old, currently living in Boeng Ka-ek Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "Execution:\nIn 1976, my brother-in-law, Ying Yorn, was taken away but I had no knowledge where he was taken. I personally think that he was killed at that time. He was arrested along with other two villagers named Seng and Yen. All three of them have disappeared since that time. I never knew  why he was captured or killed. However, prior to his arrest, he was once asked about his personal history; he was a former Republican major lieutenant. He was captured in Kandal Stung District of Kandal Province."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0026",
    "name": "Chen Roeun",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19440314",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "I am Sau Phorn, 49 years old, currently living in Krapeu Trom Village, Roluos Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "In 1976, my mother was evacuated to Battambang Province, despite the fact that she was seriously ill at that time. By the time the evacuees arrived in Mong Russey District, my mother had already died on the truck because no one was attending to her illness. Her body was then thrown away and covered with leaves. I learned these facts from a lady named Chann Ray. She currently lives in Krapeu Trom Village, Roluos Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.\nTen days after our arrival, my father died of hunger (in Prey Toting Cooperative). The loss of my mom also contributed to his poor condition. The cooperative chief, Ngaol, ordered the reduced rations which led to his starvation. The female cooperative chief, Roeun, was the distributor of food rations to each unit. The ration consisted of just one can of rice for thirty people, a meager amount which resulted in the deaths of approximately 20-30 people every day in the cooperative. After the death of my parents, seven of my siblings, namely Hong (female), Vit (male), Um (M), Sun (F), Huy (F), Veang (M), and Che (M,) died one after the other of hunger.\nI learned this story about my parents and siblings from a lady named Chann Ray, who lived in the same cooperative with them at Prey Toting.\tI don’t know the reason for the starvation. I personally think that the Prey Toting Cooperative Chief was the responsible person."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0027",
    "name": "Sau Phorn",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19510401",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "I am Sau Phorn, 49 years old, currently living in Krapeu Trom Village, Roluos Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "In 1976, my mother was evacuated to Battambang Province, despite the fact that she was seriously ill at that time. By the time the evacuees arrived in Mong Russey District, my mother had already died on the truck because no one was attending to her illness. Her body was then thrown away and covered with leaves. I learned these facts from a lady named Chann Ray. She currently lives in Krapeu Trom Village, Roluos Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.\nTen days after our arrival, my father died of hunger (in Prey Toting Cooperative). The loss of my mom also contributed to his poor condition. The cooperative chief, Ngaol, ordered the reduced rations which led to his starvation. The female cooperative chief, Roeun, was the distributor of food rations to each unit. The ration consisted of just one can of rice for thirty people, a meager amount which resulted in the deaths of approximately 20-30 people every day in the cooperative. After the death of my parents, seven of my siblings, namely Hong (female), Vit (male), Um (M), Sun (F), Huy (F), Veang (M), and Che (M,) died one after the other of hunger.\nI learned this story about my parents and siblings from a lady named Chann Ray, who lived in the same cooperative with them at Prey Toting.\tI don’t know the reason for the starvation. I personally think that the Prey Toting Cooperative Chief was the responsible person."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0028",
    "name": "Yin Mach",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Loss of siblings:",
      "description": "Four of my siblings disappeared after mid-1976 when they were called by their unit chief to begin work at different places in Kandal Stung District of Kandal Province. My eldest brother, Thim, was the first to be called by Angkar to pick corn (location unknown) along with many other villagers. I don’t know the name of the Communist (Red Khmer) cadre who took him. My second elder brother, Than, died of hunger in 1976. My third elder brother, Tie, died in the same year in Thmei Village, Thmei Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province, but I am not sure of the cause of his death. My youngest brother, Chap, was called by Angkar to help dig earth at Tonle Bati in Takeo Province.  My eldest brother has disappeared since that time. My husband passed away at the end of 1973 while he was serving as a Republican soldier."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0029",
    "name": "Nau Khann",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Nau Khann. I am a 69 year-old female currently living in Kok Samrong Village, Roluos Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. I would like to file a complaint form with the Communist (Red Khmer) Tribunal regarding the starvation deaths of my husband, children, and an elder sister and brother-in-law.",
      "description": "Starvation:\nIn 1976, I lived in Prey Toting Village, Prey Toting Commune, Prey Toting District, Battambang Province. The Communist (Red Khmer) separated me from my family. My husband, Svay Saroeun, was assigned to dig canals at Prek Chik.  The unit chief was named Ouch. The food ration was one can of rice for thirty people. We were forced to do hard labor for long hours and the food ration was insufficient. My husband was then sent to the front line to work for five days. Ouch told me that my husband passed away because he didn’t have enough to eat. He died while he was digging a canal at Prek Chik. In 1977, my daughter Svay Siphat, son Svay Borann, elder sister Nau Leap, and brother-in-law Ieng Phet, died of hunger because the unit chief, Ouch, didn’t distribute adequate food rations.  Ouch had received his orders from the chief, but I never knew that person’s name. My son was seriously sick and my daughter vomited and had diarrhea. They both later passed away. At that time, I took care of my children and younger sister at the hospital located in Prey Toting. I would like to file a complaint against the leaders of the regime of  Democratic Kampuchea, which caused the deaths of my husband, children and younger sister."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0030",
    "name": "Roeung Sopheap",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19451111",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Homicide:",
      "description": "In May 1977, three Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers (unknown names) came to arrest my husband, Aok Eng, one day at 4 p.m. I witnessed the scene. It was at Tuol Ma-tes Construction Site near Cheung Tinh Mountain in Koh Krala District. My husband was sent to Phnom Athepatei Security Center in Battambang Province. He was arrested because he was an educated man. He taught the Communist (Red Khmer) cadres how to use machinery and soon after they acquired this knowledge, he was murdered. There were many eyewitnesses who knew about the arrest of my husband, namely Tep Sarun and Vanna, who are both still alive.\nMy siblings Roeung Kung, Roeung Kin and Roeung Phon were killed by the Communist (Red Khmer). Roeung Kung was arrested at Tuol Ma-tes Construction Site in Koh Krala District, Battambang Province. In 1977, Roeung Kin was captured at the Cooperative located in Thmei Village, Thmei Commune, Kandal Stung District. There was only one captor (unknown name). Roeung Kin was then sent to Tuol Sala Prison located in Anlung Ro-meath Village, Anlung Ro-meath Commune, Kandal Province. Angkar accused him of stealing chicken eggs. In October 1976, Roeung Phon was captured in Koh Krala District of Battambang Province. There were five militiamen who took him away to be killed because he was suspected of being a CIA agent.\nBesides the deaths of my siblings, I also witnessed the Communist (Red Khmer) slaughter 49 people. After executing these people, the Communist (Red Khmer) militiamen ordered me and other people in the youth unit to help bury the victims’ bodies. This occurred in Battambang Province."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0031",
    "name": "Khem Sopha",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Khem Sopha.  I am 50 years old and currently live in Po Doh Village, Bakou Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "Execution:\nAfter 1975 when the Communist (Red Khmer) took control of Cambodia, my family members including my grandmother Suon, grandfather La, father Touch Sok Khem, mother Long Sim, younger sister Khem Rasy, younger brother Chong, and youngest brother Peou, died of starvation and sickness, one after another. My grandfather La committed suicide by hanging himself, because he was outraged that the Communist (Red Khmer) (a commune chief whose name I do not know) ordered him to carry earth as forced labor. I don’t know who is most responsible for the death of my family; however, I remain angry with the Communist (Red Khmer) regime which separated me from them. When my mom was sick, I asked Pau, the commune chief, for a leave to take care of her, but he replied that I wasn’t a doctor. Until this day, I dont even know where their bodies are buried.   The deaths took place at Veal Kandaol Village, Barkou Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. During the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, I worked in a mobile unit and was not able to visit my family. They passed away at the end of 1975."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0032",
    "name": "Him Hoeun",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19441209",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Him Hoeun. I am 64 years old and currently live in Tbaung Kdei Village, Bakou Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "The Killing of my Brother-in-law:\nAt the end of 1976, a Communist (Red Khmer) soldier (name unknown) accused my brother-in-law, Uy Tuy, of eating human flesh. The soldier may have done this because of personal hatred, using this charge as a premise to execute my brother-in-law.  I learned the story from my elder sister Him Chamreun, who is no longer alive. There were two to three Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers interrogating my brother-in-law at Bakan Village, Leach Commune, Bakan District, Pursat Province. I don’t know who should bear the responsibility for the killing of my brother-in-law or how he was executed. I feel sorry for him and I am angry over the unjust death of innocent people."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0033",
    "name": "Seng Khom",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19521007",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Seng Khom and I am currently living in Tbaung Kdei Village, Bakou Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. I would like to file a complaint with the Communist (Red Khmer) Tribunal.",
      "description": "Execution:\nMy husband, Sam Phan, was arrested by three militiamen (unknown names) at 12 p.m. one day.   His hands were tied behind his back. Witnessing the scene, I immediately ran to hold my husband, but I was separated from him by the militiamen who threatened me by saying,  “What? You want to die too?�  I could then do nothing but cry. This incident took place in 1976 at O’ Village, Kakk Commune, Kang Pisey District, Kampong Speu Province. My husband was transferred to Ta Ay Security Office and executed there. Villager(s), whose name(s )  I don’t remember, witnessed the killing and told me what happened. My husband was executed because Angkar knew that he was an officer in the former Republican government."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0034",
    "name": "Nou Soeung",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19360630",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Nou Soeung and I currently live in Preah Theat Village, Roluos Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "The death of my husband Ut Oeun:\nDuring the dry season of 1977, a Communist (Red Khmer) cadre (name unknown) called to my husband who was digging a canal at Kraing En Village, Cheung Kep Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province, and asked for help transporting machines. (I don’t know to what place.) Since then I have never seen his face. When the Communist (Red Khmer) called him, I was also digging the canal, on the east side. I don’t know the reason why he was taken away. During the Republican regime, he was a mototaxi driver."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0036",
    "name": "Am Pich",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Stupa",
    "details": {
      "title": "I am Am Pich, a 62 year-old female, currently living in Krapeu Trom Village, Roluos Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. I would like to file a complaint regarding the following crimes:",
      "description": "The detention of my younger brother in Sang Prison:\nMy younger brother, Sok Huon, was arrested and detained in Sang Prison. He was probably arrested in 1976. I don’t know the reason behind his arrest or his captor. It was the village neighbors who told me that my younger brother was taken away to Sang Prison. I didn’t know the details. At that time, he lived in Russey Village, Ampeou Prey Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0037",
    "name": "Nou Mon",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Nou Mon, and I currently live in Svay Ming Village, Bakou Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. During the Pol Pot regime, I suffered along with the rest of the Cambodian people. I lost my husband, a child, and a grandchild, all of whom were detained in Sang prison.",
      "description": "The detention of husband, a child and grandchild in Sang prison:\nDuring the Pol Pot regime, in addition to being subjected to forced labor and hunger, my family was separated when some members were arrested and put in prison. Since that time they have never returned. In 1976, my son(s) and family (members) were ordered by the cooperative chief, a man named Chea, to transplant rice seedlings. My three children performed this task along with thirty other villagers. It was routine for the chief to assign this work three times per month for 30 people each time. I didn’t witness my relatives being taken to Sang [Prison]. It was my neighbor (whose name I have forgotten) who told me about the incident.\nIn 1977, Chea, the cooperative chief, took my husband away because his name appeared on the list of the villagers to be transferred.  Later, in 1978, the list contained the names of my children. I witnessed a scene in which a few Communist (Red Khmer) militiamen escorted a line of thirty villagers headed for Sang [Prison]. I was not sure whether they stopped at Sang or not, but the villagers were all aware that prisoners were being taken to Sang Security Office. Since that time, I have never received any information about my family."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0038",
    "name": "Srey Peou",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19530205",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": "I am Srey Peou, a female currently living in Svay Ming Village, Bakou Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "Execution:\nBefore the Communist (Red Khmer) took control of the country, my family and I lived in Chak Ang-re Leu in Phnom Penh. When the Communist (Red Khmer) seized control of Phnom Penh, my family and I were evacuated to our home village of Daem Krong Village [I don’t know the current name of this village]. There, my family and I were ordered to work and eat separately in the cooperative. More than two years later, three combatants armed with guns arrived at my home. They said they needed my husband, Moch Pan (20 years old), older brother Srey Bau (20 years old), and Uncle Phatt (30 years old), to carry earth and work at Kok Trap (Unit 2). The three didn’t refuse, but followed orders by packing their belongings and going with the cadres. I believe that the three of them must have been taken to Sang Prison because later I heard from workers in Unit 2 that people who were assigned to carry earth were all taken to Sang Prison. Since then I have never heard any information about them.  My cousin En Nhan was killed by the Communist (Red Khmer) because he was a teacher. I learned this from his wife Svay Sa Met. Two other cousins, namely Chan and Phat, were both executed by the Communist (Red Khmer) without explanation. I found out about their executions from their wives, whom I encountered while working.\nI sincerely hope that the court will prosecute the Communist (Red Khmer) as soon as possible and deliver justice to the Cambodian people, especially the victims."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0039",
    "name": "Meng Aun",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19510806",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Meng Aun, and I am currently living in Krapeu Trom Village, Roluos Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. During the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, I suffered seriously as a detainee in Sang Prison; in addition, my husband was arrested and has never been seen since.",
      "description": "Detention in Sang prison:\nIn 1975 when the Communist (Red Khmer) took control of the country, they subjected the entire populace to forced labor and provided very little food to eat. At that time, I was assigned to work in a women’s unit which consisted of 30 members. The unit chief was named Oeu. In 1976, two Communist militiamen named Rum and Khun came to arrest my husband by telling him that they needed workers to clear the jungle in order to grow corn. My husband had been a soldier in the Republican regime. At the end of 1977, Chhil, our group’s leader, ordered the other villagers and me to harvest the crops at Bakou Commune.  Once we arrived at Bakou, we were told to stay in a particular house and once inside, the militiamen began to tie our hands behind our backs. They used a long rope in order to make sure that we were in a straight line. We were told that if the rope was cut, we would be executed. I didn’t know the militiamen because they were from a different commune than mine. There were forty of us when we left the village, but when we arrived at Bakou Commune, we discovered that there were more people being kept there. Later, all of us were transferred to Sang Security Office.\nOnce we arrived at Sang, we were put in a house containing more than 500 people. There, they ordered us to work in the rice fields. We were given only a small ration of watery gruel. Ten days after my arrival, Nang called me in order to get my personal background. I was warned to answer his questions or I would be beaten. Nang asked me, “Comrade! Do you wish to overthrow our revolutionary organization?� I answered “No!�, but he didn’t believe me and tied me up even tighter. Nang accused me of being a KGB spy. He continued by asking, “Have you ever trained to be a commando?� Fearful of being battered, this time I replied, “Yes!� and he didn’t beat me. Once I had fallen down from my house, sustaining an injury to my left arm which left a scar.  I told them that the scar had resulted from a gunshot. I then stripped off my shirt to show them the scar. After seeing [the scar], they believed what I was telling them and released me. But prior to releasing me, they wanted me to denounce other people.  They used political manipulation by saying, “Comrade! You should consider this; as others are happily staying at home with their family, you are pitifully stuck here in the mud. You should denounce the others who are involved in the KGB network.�  They also said that some other villagers and I had secretly planned to escape because our commune didn’t have enough food to eat. I therefore forced myself to denounce three other people.\nOne day when Angkar distributed a ration of porridge, I surreptitiously put water into the bowl. The water was near the porridge pot, which was around five meters away, but Ret, a Communist soldier, hit me on my head with a stick, causing my head to become swollen. In Sang Security Office, they tortured us by beating us with a stick. After returning from work, as we entered the cell, they started beating all the prisoners with a stick. Some prisoners died of exhaustion. I still remember a few inmates’ names, in particular Pheap and Kol, who lived in the same village. Two months before the Vietnamese troops invaded the country, 100 other inmates and I were transferred and detained in Wat Ka-koh Security Office. Two months later, the Vietnamese troops liberated the country and I returned to my home village. When I arrived in my village, the military chief named Rum was still searching for me, but I managed to escape from him. Thus, I survived the regime."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0040",
    "name": "Khut Chea",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19480908",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Stupa at Sang Prison",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Khut Chea, and I currently live in Boeng Ka-ek Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. Before 1975, I lived with my husband who was a pilot during the Sihanouk and Republican regimes. Later my husband was arrested and executed in Sang Prison after being evacuated to his home village.",
      "description": "Detention of husband in Sang Prison:\nDuring the 12th lunar month in 1977, my husband Khen was arrested by Chhum, Chrauch, Y, and Nhor, the village chief and group leaders. They told me that my husband had been ordered to make manure at Sang [prison]. Actually, the village chief clearly knew that my husband was a pilot during the previous regime; thus, I believed that this was the reason behind his arrest. A villager named Korn, who was arrested along with my husband but managed to escape being killed, told me that my husband was executed and the rest of the inmates were tortured and interrogated until they confessed, despite the fact that they were innocent. Those who didn’t confess to their involvement in the administration of the previous regime would be tortured relentlessly. Korn died in 1983.\nI witnessed the arrest of my husband. Three days after his arrest, militiamen from Sang Security Office came and asked me, “Comrade! Do you want to work with your husband growing potatoes at Thmei Village? You can return in nine months.� I told them that I didn’t want to go because I was settled where I was currently living. When the militiamen came looking for workers, there were many people who volunteered to go with them and none of those volunteers ever returned.\nIn 1979, villagers gathered to dig up the area around the Sang Prison compound. I was present and saw my husband’s clothing which I had embroidered with his name.  I also saw his  spoon and bowl on which I had inscribed his name.  This confirmed my belief that my husband was executed."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0041",
    "name": "Touch Chen",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19490630",
    "job": "Boeng Ka-ek Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Touch Chen and I am currently living in Boeng Ka-ek Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "Execution of elder brother, Touch Sok, in Sang Prison:\nDuring the farming season of 1977, my elder brother Touch Sok was arrested and held for execution in Sang Security Office by a unit chief named Von. At around 8 p.m., Von escorted my elder brother and other people from the unit to Sang Security Office, which was located near the Bati River in Trea Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. My mother witnessed Von leading my elder brother and other detainees to Sang Prison. The Communist (Red Khmer) accused my elder brother of being a lieutenant or major lieutenant during the former regime. In truth, he was a simple farmer. My mother told me the story.\nPart C:\nMy name is Touch Chen, and I am currently living in Boeng Ka-ek Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. When I found out that my elder brother Touch Sok had been executed by the Communist (Red Khmer), I felt a great deal of pity for him. My elder brother was a gentle man and never caused any trouble when he was alive. My parents were very heartsick. They were not able to help their son but were forced to stand idly by and watch him being executed by the Communist (Red Khmer). Even now, I still grieve for him whenever I think of him. If he were still alive, our lives would be happier because we could live together as a family."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0042",
    "name": "Uy Ut",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19290602",
    "job": "Member of Koh Khnol pagoda committee",
    "reparation": "dinning hall for Koh Knol pagoda",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Touch Chen and I am currently living in Boeng Ka-ek Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "Sang Security Office:\nIn 1977, my two sons, Ut Sam El and Ut Sam At, and a brother-in-law, Hean Sarim, were arrested and executed in Sang Prison. Ten days after the arrest of my two sons, my brother-in-law was captured. I never knew the reason why my sons and brother-in-law were arrested. I only knew that they were accused of being the enemy of Angkar. I learned of my sons’ arrest from Sem Vat, who witnessed the incident. I learned about the arrest of my brother-in-law from a cart driver (unknown name) who transported vegetables from Koh Khnor Cooperative to Sang Prison. At the present time, Sem Vat is an official working in Battambang Provincial Hall, but I do not know in which village or commune he lives."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0043",
    "name": "Vorng Sut",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1935",
    "job": "Layman (A char) of Koh Khnol pagoda",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Vorng Sut, and I am 73 years old, currently living in Koh Khnor Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "Execution:\nIn 1976, my younger brother Vorng Suk, and three nephews named Aeng Pich, Nhem Ming and Mei Ut, were all executed in Sang Prison in Trapeang Sva Village, Trea Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. When the Communist (Red Khmer) arrested my younger brother one morning, I was present at the scene. They took him from our home which was located in Prek Roka Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. It was Pok, the communal combatant who was armed with a gun, who came to arrest and detain my younger brother in Sang Prison. My brother was accused of being the enemy but in fact my younger brother hadn’t committed any crimes.\nI learned about the arrest of my three nephews from the villagers in Prek Roka Village. They told me that the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers took my nephews to Sang Prison. I heard that the cooperative chief Yoan said, “All the relatives of Ta Sut must be arrested.�  I do not know who was responsible for the death of my younger brother and I do not know how he was killed.\nI feel so much pity when I think about what happened to my younger brother. He was unjustly killed in Sang Prison without having committed any wrongdoing. I cannot imagine how much pain he must have endured before he died. Nowadays, I am a layman in a pagoda.  I learn and follow Buddhist teachings. This has provided me with some relief. Nonetheless, I still want to participate in order to seek justice for the victims; particularly, to ensure that people truly know what happened during such a bloody regime."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0044",
    "name": "Long Mary",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1957",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Justice",
    "details": {
      "title": "Witness to the executions at Cheung Ek [killing fields]:",
      "description": "In July and August 1976, I witnessed the killing of hundreds of Tuol Sleng prisoners at the Cheung Ek killing fields.  I witnessed several executions, and noticed that there were only two executioners who killed the inmates. I did not know the two killers, but I remember their appearance – one was small and dark-skinned, while the other was tall, but also dark-skinned.  The killing took place most often in the afternoon and evening.  Sometimes, when they had no prisoners to be killed, the two executioners would ride horses over to the nearby rice fields and talk with those of us who were transplanting rice.  I heard the two saying that no one was helping them dig the pits which were used to bury as many as 30 corpses.\nAt the end of 1977, Angkar transferred me to fight against Vietnamese troops along the border and after that, I no longer witnessed the executions. However, during the time I worked near the Cheung Ek killing fields, I always saw the truck transporting prisoners there every day at 5 p.m. At first, I thought that the trucks were transporting equipment and other items to be stored in the warehouse of Sang Security Office. Then one day, one of the trucks had a flat tire near my camp. I sneaked a look at the truck and saw only prisoners who had been transported from Tuol Sleng prison. The executioners usually used a bamboo stick and iron bar to kill the inmates. I was about 100 meters away from the execution site. The inmates were interrogated right in front of the pit before they were killed. Inmates were blindfolded and their hands were tied behind their backs. I used to see high ranking Communist (Red Khmer) officials entering the compound of the Cheung Ek killing fields between October and November 1976, and continuing through 1977. There were a lot of high ranking officials who visited the site, but I knew none of them. However, in my opinion, Ieng Sary and Son Sen may have been among those officials because the two of them held the highest positions during that period. The visits often took place at around 5 p.m."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0045",
    "name": "Lei Pakk",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19520309",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Lei Pakk.  I am 56 years old and currently living in Chambak Trap Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "Execution of my family members:\nIn 1976, my husband, Him Horn, was selected for re-education by a communal combatant (unknown name). This took place at Preah Theath Pagoda of Roluos Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. Since then he has disappeared. I learned this information from my mother who was selected to be re-educated as well. I don’t know where or why my husband was executed. I believe he is dead because I have never seen him since that time. My husband was not a government official and committed no wrongdoing.\n.\nSix months later, two communal combatants, Rum and Man (both deceased), drove a cart to my house in order to transfer my family members at gunpoint to our home village of Chambak Trap Village. My family consisted of my father Phap Lei, mother Sau Sauth, my three children (one son and two daughters) and me. However, once we arrived at our home village, the communal combatants did not allow us to stay there because they said that my house was bigger than those of the other villagers. They continued transporting us until we reached Sang Prison in Trea Village, Trapeang Sva Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. Once we arrived, the Communist (Red Khmer) combatants seized our belongings from the cart, even our clothes. We stayed at a separate place.  We were not shackled because my parents were elderly and I had to look after my small children. However, other inmates’ legs were shackled. All I knew was that everyone who was imprisoned  here was considered to be an agent of the KGB or CIA. Every night at midnight, I heard people screaming. I noticed that a lot of people disappeared day by day but I had no idea where they might have gone.\nDuring our detention, my three-year-old daughter died of hunger. My parents and I were overworked, with little food to eat. Gradually, I became weak and could not work effectively. This frustrated Un, the overseer, who beat me with a bamboo stick, severely injuring my instep. My family members were detained from the end of 1976 to early 1979 when the Vietnamese troops invaded the country.\nThe Communist (Red Khmer) regime caused me nothing but suffering which remains with me until this day. Whenever I think of these stories, they are as vivid as ever and remind me of the dreadful treatment I received at my workplace where I was beaten, starved and mistreated. The memories of my mistreatment during the Communist (Red Khmer) regime have caused me to cry, choke with tears, have headaches and nightmares. Later, I received treatment from TPO [Trans-cultural Psychosocial Organization] and VOT [Victim of Torture of DC-Cam]. These organizations inquired about my health and gave me medicine which made me feel better and look healthier. Currently I am feeling relief and do not dwell as much on the past. Most importantly, I sleep well at night time.\nOther Documents:\n-\tPlease contact VOT and TPO for other related documents.\n-\tI do not hold any relevant documents.\nPart C: Civil Party Application\nMy name is Lei Pakk.  I am 56 years old and currently live in Chambak Trap Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. I would like to apply for Civil Party status before the Communist (Red Khmer) Tribunal. I have wanted the chance to participate directly in the process for many years because of the unforgettable experiences and tremendous amount of suffering which I endured. Should the tribunal accept me as a Civil Party applicant and require me to attend the trial, I would like to ask for financial help from the tribunal’s Victim Unit to cover the cost of my travel, accommodation and meals during my visit. I am unable to afford this expense by myself due to financial limitations."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0046",
    "name": "Chea Sovanna",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19530410",
    "job": "Chambak Trap Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province",
    "reparation": "Justice",
    "details": {
      "title": "I am Chea Sovann, a female currently living in Chambak Trap Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "Detention of my husband in Sang prison:\nMy husband Ros was arrested and executed in Sang Prison, which was the largest Security Center [prison] in Kandal Stung District. Around 1981, I witnessed a scene in which villagers dug prisoners’ corpses out of mass graves. Witnessing this event caused me to miss my husband so much that I fainted. My husband and I got married in about 1976, and then in 1977, my husband was arrested and detained in Sang Prison. Prior to his arrest, my husband was assigned to transport piles of hay. On one occasion, a truck drove by and startled the cows, causing them to scatter. As a result, the cow cart ran over my husband’s leg, breaking his thighbone. The next day, my husband was arrested and kept in Sang Prison, despite the fact that he could not even walk. He was arrested on suspicion of complicity with the Vietnamese and intent to undermine the revolution – the historical wheel of revolution. Two days later, while I was working, my friend Phalla (currently living in Phnom Penh) whispered to me that my husband was arrested though he couldn’t even walk. She added that he was transferred to Sang Prison. I do not know when he was executed or who killed him. I suspected that it was Tam, the chief of the handmade-tile unit of Kanduot Commune, who reported to the guards of Sang Prison in order to arrest my husband."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0047",
    "name": "Sum Sok",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19410210",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Sum Sok and I currently live in Boeng Ka-ek Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "Homicide:\nIn 1975, my family was evacuated from Phnom Penh to our home village. My husband, Kao Sarin, was assigned to work in the plowing unit of this commune. In November 1977, the cooperative chief, Vun, told my husband to go to the granary. Later in the morning, he was transferred to Sang Prison. This incident took place in Boeng Ka-ek Village of Prek Roka Commune. Sang Prison was located in Trapeang Sva Village of Trea Commune. My husband was killed in 1978 by the Communist (Red Khmer). My younger brother Sum Rim witnessed him being tied up and taken to be executed. My younger brother was also detained in Sang Prison. My husband was arrested because he was a captain during the former regime and also had ties to King Sihanouk.\nPart C:\nMy name is Sum Sok and I currently live in Boeng Ka-ek Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. After Vietnamese troops liberated the country in 1979, I could enjoy freedom – going anywhere I wanted no matter how far or near. Later, my family and I went to the former Sang Security Office. There we saw a lot of shackles and human bones. Seeing those items rekindled the memories of my husband, who was detained in that prison, and I burst into tears. The emotion was so painful that I fainted. After returning home from that visit, I became sick. I tried to block the memories from my mind. However, whenever any festivals are celebrated, I cannot prevent myself from remembering, and this has made me constantly feel dizzy."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0048",
    "name": "Mam Khin",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19500502",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "I am Mam Khin, a 58 year-old currently living in Kraing Ma-kak Village, Roluos Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "Sang Prison:\nIn 1976, my elder sister-in-law Ouch Ros, her daughter Mam Sary, and a neighbor Chann Sopheap were arrested, sent for re-education at Sang Prison, and later executed there. I don’t know why my sister-in-law and her daughter were arrested and executed in Sang Prison, but I learned about it from Chann Sopheap, who lives in Krapeu Trom Village, Roluos Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. I know they were executed in Sang Prison, but I don’t know who killed them."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0049",
    "name": "Chann Sopheap",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19510923",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Mental Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Chann Sopheap. I am 51 years old and currently live in Krapeu Trom Village, Roluos Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "Sang Security Office:\nIn 1977, twenty-five village women, including me, were arrested and detained in Sang Prison. I know the current whereabouts of four of those who were arrested with me: namely Meng Aun, Chuong Phum, Saom Kol and Nun Ket.  The rest have either died or changed address.\nInitially, we were told we would be farming in Veal Kandaol Village, but about 8:00 p.m., we were instead detained in Veal Kandaol Detention Office with our hands firmly tied behind our backs. About 10:00 p.m., we were all led on foot to Sang Prison. At the prison, we were frisked by the prison guards (names unknown), who were looking for valuables. We were not even allowed to own a Krama (Cambodian cotton scarf). Three days later, I was sent to work building levees along the rice fields. We were permitted to eat only a cup of watery gruel. The work was very strenuous and some inmates died while working because of malnutrition. There was no freedom at all when I was there. Even while working in the fields, we were not allowed to look at each other.\nI was then interrogated by a 16-year-old cadre named Phan. He asked, “Comrade! What did you do during the feudalistic regime?�  I replied, “I did the farming and sold leaves cut from plants.� “Comrade! You don’t need to lie. Whether farming or selling, you are all wives of soldiers,� said the cadre. The next day, Phan interrogated me once again. This time I was beaten with a whip until I could no longer bear it; thus, I decided to falsely confess and I said,  “I was the wife of a soldier. I had five husbands.� Later, Phan asked me many questions regarding the five husbands I mentioned.  Phan then believed what I told him.\nWhen queuing and walking to work, if I walked slowly or out of line, I would be whipped. This happened frequently because I had no strength to keep walking in the line. I was weak from overwork and lack of food.  Every evening at 6:00 when the inmates returned to their cell, I always heard the shout: “Oh! It’s my turn!�  Three or four days a week I heard this shout, which meant that the prisoner was being sent to be executed. The killing site, a bamboo jungle full of pits, was about 150 meters away from the detention center.\nThere were probably 3,000   inmates being held in the center and forced to work, however only about 200 inmates managed to survive the regime. They survived because, after three months of executions, orders were received from the top leaders to stop killing detainees. The remaining 200 inmates were still held [in the center]. However, I was assigned less strenuous work than before.  I just had to plant potatoes, dig, and do other simple work. We also had porridge which was more nutritious than before. Still, we were prisoners and did not have any freedom.\nI did not know the prison chief , only the man who was in charge of security.  He was Ta Heng, a regional chief who often came to inspect the center and prisoners. The prison guards were named Roeung, Mao, Nang, Him and Sem and they always kept an eye on me as well as the other inmates. Comrade Ret was responsible for distributing meals to the detainees. I do not know whether any of them are dead or alive.\nPart C:\nMy name is Chann Sopheap.  I am 51 years old and currently live in Krapeu Trom Village, Roluos Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. My mental health was severely affected by the mistreatment I endured as a prisoner in Sang Prison. I received treatment several times since 2004 when the Documentation Center of Cambodia cooperated with TPO [Trans-cultural Psychosocial Organization] to offer the treatment program.   I have received treatment from 2004 until the present. I feel better during the course of treatment, but I am not yet fully recovered because I still suffer from insomnia and headaches if I do not take the medicine given by TPO."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0050",
    "name": "Chen Vorn",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19520412",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Mental Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Detention in Sang Prison:",
      "description": "One evening in August 1978, at around 6:00 after I had finished plowing a field, about  ten Communist (Red Khmer) cadres arrived and announced my name as well as the names of 21 other women in my plowing group. I can only recall a few names of those who worked in my group, namely Sok (now living in Veal Kandaol Village), Seng (living in Veal Kandaol Village), Hieng (living in Veal Kandaol Village), Sao (living in O-Andaung Village), and Vat (living in O-Andaung Village). We were initially told by the unit chief Thon that we were called to help carry machinery. However, once we reported to them, we were shocked when they immediately blindfolded us with their scarves and tied our hands behind our backs. Later at around 7:00 p.m., they pushed us onto the truck. I did not know where we were being taken. The next morning, I realized that I was in Sang Detention Center located near Tonle Bati (Bati River). I did not know why we were detained or under what charges we were arrested.\nI was interrogated in the prison. They asked: “Comrade! What did you do during the imperialist society?� I responded that I did nothing, but in return, I was beaten by cadres named Mao, Tha and Him. They are alive and live near Sang. After beating me, they repeated their question. The questioning and beating continued until I could no longer bear the pain and so I decided to tell them I was a commando. With this confession, they seemed to be satisfied and stopped beating me. After that, they sent me back to the cell and I was given gruel mixed with rice hulls to eat. In the cell, we were not tied up but our ankles were shackled. We were beaten regardless of whether we were inside or outside the center. My plowing group members were kept together and mistreated in the same way. Sometimes when we were thirsty, instead of providing water they kicked us and we fell to the ground. My elder brother and younger brother were also detained in Sang Prison. I never saw them during the course of my detention. I only saw their clothes being kept in the warehouse. This made me think that my two brothers were dead or that they would return home after the collapse of the Communist (Red Khmer). Men and women were housed separately. We had to sleep and produce human waste in the same place. Life in prison was miserable. I was angry because I had committed no crime, yet I was severely mistreated in the prison.\nPart C:\nMy name is Chen Vorn and I am currently living in Khmutt Village, Bakou Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. Since leaving the prison after the liberation in 1979, I continue to suffer from various illnesses as a result of the torture perpetrated on me in Sang Prison by the Communist (Red Khmer). I am traumatized and suffer from insomnia, headaches, dizziness and blinding vision. In particular, whenever I think of the past, I experience dizziness, vomit, and burst into tears. I received psychological support from the VOT project [Victim of Torture] of the Documentation Center of Cambodia and obtained medicine from the local district hospital."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0051",
    "name": "Yeun Samon",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19510410",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Yeun Samon and I currently live in Koh Khnor Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "The loss of husband Chuk Chem and relatives in Sang Security Office:\nDuring the rainy season of 1977, my husband, Chuk Chem, was arrested by Vun, the unit chief of Boeng Ka-ek Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. My husband was detained in Sang Prison at nighttime along with approximately 82 other members of his plowing unit.  Prior to his arrest, my husband managed to meet me at our home in Boeng Ka-ek Village. At that time, he told me, “You have to take good care of the children because I may be  taken away to Sang. If they arrest me, I will kill myself; I will not allow them to kill me.�  I replied,  “Please! Don’t do that! Maybe we can be reunited one day.�  He continued, “Please take care of the children because I might not be able to raise them. And don’t worry too much because now you are pregnant.�  After saying these words, he left for his workplace – a rice granary in Boeng Ka-ek Village.\nAt the crack of dawn, a base villager named Ta Chuong told me, “Young lady! Young lady! Your husband was taken away last night.�  I replied, “I thought so because yesterday evening he told me this might happen.� He continued by saying that the Communist (Red Khmer) arrested and transferred my husband to Sang Prison, on the accusation that he was an enemy of Angkar and an agent of the CIA.   However, my husband was an ordinary person. Prior to the Communist (Red Khmer) regime in 1972, my husband and I lived in Phnom Penh. He worked in a wood-cutting factory located near Kbal Thnal in Phnom Penh. In 1975 the Communist (Red Khmer) evacuated us – my husband, a daughter, parents and me – to live in Boeng Ka-ek Village. The village chief of Boeng Ka-ek was Ta Vatt and the commune chief of Prek Roka was Ta Keo. The Sang Security Office was situated near Bati River (Tonle Bati) in Trea Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. When my husband was arrested and detained in Sang Prison, three other relatives of mine were taken there too. They were:\n-\tA cousin named Chuon: a 17-April villager\n-\tA younger brother named Yeun Soeun: a monk\n-\tAn uncle named Suk: a train driver and an 17-April villager\nPart C:\nMy name is Yeun Samon and I currently live in Koh Khnor Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. After learning that my husband was killed in Sang Prison, I found myself living without a soul, without the motivation to do anything, just like a dead body. I constantly miss my husband, who was a gentleman and a dedicated breadwinner. Whenever I think of him, I lose my focus and begin feeling depressed, confused and grief-stricken. Losing him as a primary breadwinner caused my standard of living to be miserable. As a widow, I now have to put forth double effort to make ends meet in order to raise my children. When I recall memories of my husband, I have headaches, lose energy, and suffer from insomnia and poor job performance. After receiving a psychological consultation from VOT [Victim of Torture] of the Documentation Center of Cambodia, I feel better than before. Previously, if I heard any loud noise, my heart would palpitate and I would shiver like a victim of malaria."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0052",
    "name": "Chheun Sopheap",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19460706",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Stupa",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Chheun Sopheap and I currently live in Boeng Ka-ek Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "Loss of husband named Mom Ouk in Sang Security Office:\nIn 1975, my husband and I were evacuated from Phnom Penh to Boeng Ka-ek Village. One night around 10:00 p.m., Vun, the unit chief of Boeng Ka-ek Village, called the names of 83 people, including my husband, and escorted them to Sang Security Office. My elder brother, Chheun Chheng, witnessed the villagers being escorted by Vun. The Communist (Red Khmer) initially said that those people were being taken to be re-educated. I was not present when Vun took my husband. I believe the arrest took place during the rainy season 1977. I don’t know the reason why my husband was arrested and detained at Sang Prison in Trea Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. I learned about the arrest of my husband from my elder brother Chheun Chheng, who currently lives in Veal Village, Prek Sleng Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.  Three of my relatives were also among the others who were arrested that day.  They are:\n-\tan uncle named Than\n-\tan uncle named Ou\n-\ta cousin named Sok\nPart C:\nMy name is Chheun Sopheap and I currently live in Boeng Ka-ek Village, Prek Roka Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. I was dismayed to learn that my husband died in Sang Prison and I could not stop crying. As a widow, I had no one to rely on. I had to raise my children alone and earn a living at the same time, which caused my standard of living to be miserable. If my husband were still alive, we would share the burdens and support the family together. I have never stopped missing him.  Every time I think of him, tears fill my eyes. I feel pain and pity for him; he should not have been killed without reason. This circumstance causes me to suffer from insomnia, headaches, dizziness and fatigue."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD0053",
    "name": "Sek Seng",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19470605",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "My name is Sek Seng and I currently live in Veal Kandaol Village, Bakou Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province.",
      "description": "Detention in Sang prison:\nAt the end of 1977, while I was harvesting rice near Prasat Pagoda in Kung Nory Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province, the female unit chief Thon came to me and stated, “Sister Seng! Get yourself ready to go to the rice threshing yard at Bakou [Commune].�  This took place at around 7:00 p.m. My eleven-year-old child then ran after me. Thon immediately took my child’s hand out of mine and said, “Children with children; mother with mother.� In front of the unit chief, Thon, I said to my child,  “You have to go back to your place. Mom is not going to the rice-threshing yard. I might be killed. You need to stop crying or I won’t be able to rest in peace.�\nMy child then returned to his place and Thon led me to the rice mill situated in Bakou Village, Bakou Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. Inside the mill, there were 21 other captives whose hands were tied behind their backs. A combatant came and asked me, “Where do you live? Which village?�  Later, a truck arrived and all of the captives were taken to Sang Prison, which was located near Tonle Bati [Bati River].  I was detained in a tiny, closed room, along with about a hundred other inmates. The Communist (Red Khmer) cadres locked the door tightly and stood guard outside the cell.\nThe Communist (Red Khmer) ordered us to transplant, pull and harvest rice, and carry earth without a break. For meals, the Communist (Red Khmer) offered us only a ladle of watery gruel which was not enough. The inmates in my room started disappearing one by one. I didn’t know where they had been taken, but they never came back. During the course of my detention I was once interrogated, but I didn’t know the name of the interrogator. He asked me, “Where do you live? Which village? What do you do for a living?,� and continued, “What was your husband’s job?�  I responded, “He was a teacher.� He inquired further, “How many siblings do you have?�  “I have four siblings. A younger one is a soldier, the second is also a soldier, and the third is a medical staff person,� I answered.  He also asked about the relatives of my husband. After that the Communist (Red Khmer) sent me back to the cell. I was arrested and detained in Sang Prison because I was accused of being a capitalist and a CIA agent. The chief of Sang Prison at that time was Mong; later the chiefs were Heng and Boeun. Several inmates who were detained with me at that time are alive, namely Vat (now living in O-Andaung Village), Hieng (living in Tbaung Kdei Village), and Sok (living in Veal Kandaol Village, Bakou Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province).\nPart C:\nMy name is Sek Seng and I am currently living in Veal Kandaol Village, Bakou Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province. As a result of the forced labor and overwork I endured during the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, I have pain in my abdomen and spine. I have not been able to perform work effectively. Whenever I hear any loud noise, I am immediately startled. I feel terrified and my heart races. I am always irritated whenever I hear about the Communist (Red Khmer)."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KD035",
    "name": "Set Sok",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "In mid-1977, with no explanation, my husband and eighty other people were transferred to a new workplace by a militiaman named Khon. My husband came to say goodbye to me before he left. Since then I have never heard from him. I don’t know whether he was sent to Sang Prison or not. Besides my husband, I had five siblings who disappeared without explanation during the Communist (Red Khmer) regime.",
      "description": "I don’t think my husband survived the regime.  He was taken away while he was plowing at Thmei Village, Thmei Commune, Kandal Stung District, Kandal Province."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KH0040",
    "name": "Phatt Vin",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19590609",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "The death of my mother, Neav Khim",
      "description": "In 1972, because our village was located next to an area controlled by Republican soldiers, the Communist (Red Khmer) forcibly evacuated my family and all villagers from the Trapeang Porpel village, Cheung Kreav commune, Rolea Phieat district to Tik La-ak village, Chong Rong commune, Tikphos district, Kampong Chhnang province. As a child, I did not know the Communist (Red Khmer), who came to evacuate all of us. My family continued to live in Tik La-ak village until the liberation day, April 17, 1975. After that day, we came back to another village that was located next to our home village.\nUnder the Republican regime, my father, an ordinary person, was killed by gunfire, and my sister, Phat Thy, died of disease. When the Communist (Red Khmer) enlisted Phatt Sun and Phatt Sin, my brothers, in the army, they sent me and my mother to live in the Tik Cheng village of Cheung Kreal commune.\nAfter living there for a month, they relocated us to our home village. In 1975, Yey Tom (deceased), a person who took charge in the village at that time, put me to work in a children’s unit and sent my mother to do farming in a special unit. From that moment on, we lived separately. In late 1975, suffering from a lack of food and overwork, my mother got sick. She suffered from fever and backaches. At the time, because her work place was next to mine, I sometimes ran to pay her a visit. However, whenever I went to meet her, I was not given any food to eat. I knew that she worked from six a.m. to eleven a.m., without receiving any breakfast at all. At eleven a.m., [she] received a ladle of rice soup with a dish of food (which contained no vegetables or meat). After eating, [she] continued her work until six p.m.—which was when she received another ladle of rice soup to eat. Then, she kept working until eleven p.m., without receiving any extra food at all.\nAfter being forced to overwork, she became gravely ill. Her unit chief, whose name I do not recall, was Yey Tom’s subordinate. At one point, Dary, a Cham-Muslim child who worked with me, told me that my mother had become gravely ill at her work site. After hearing this news, I often went to visit her, bringing her rice soup packed in Tbeng [a kind of tree leaf]. I did so, because she was not given any food to eat after she became ill, and could not work. Even though I visited her very often, one day, I went to visit her as usual, but I could not find her at her work place.\nA unit chief, whose name I have forgotten, told me that my mother had been taken to a hospital located at the Trapeang Porple village. I remember, it was four days after she became gravely ill, that they sent her to the hospital. Shortly after hearing the news, I went right to the hospital in order to find her. Upon my arrival at the hospital, when I could not find her, I asked Nory, a nurse (deceased), whether or not my mother had been sent to this hospital. In response, she said she did not see my mother here. As soon as I heard this news, I went, in great doubt, to tell the unit chief, whom I had just met shortly before my mother was taken. I told her that I did not see my mother at the hospital. And I asked her to where my mother had been taken. She had already summoned other people to send her to the hospital, she said.\nDoubtfully, I continued to ask her the same question. However, she said, “Comrade!  For elderly people who can’t work, to keep them is no gain, and to destroy them is no loss.� Then, after she told me that my mother had been taken away and killed, because she could no longer work for them, I went back to my unit. Still, I continued to ask others about news of my mother. Then at one point, Yey On, currently living in Tik Cheng village, Cheung Ek commune, Rolea Phieat district, Kampong Chhang province, told me to stop asking others for news about my mother, because my mother had, in fact, been taken away and killed. Additionally, she also told me not tell others, that she had told me about the incident. She did not witness the incident, but she saw my mother being taken away by three militiamen. That was why she believed that my mother had been executed. I do not know who killed my mother or how my mother was brutally executed. I think Yey Tom must be held responsible for my mother’s death, because she was the big chief who supervised everything in the cooperative. My mother disappeared [and was never seen again] from the moment [this incident took place]."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KH0041",
    "name": "Meas Chhean",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19510108",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Genocide education",
    "details": {
      "title": "Detention and forced labor",
      "description": "In 1975, after the liberation of Phnom Penh, Communist (Red Khmer) militiamen (unknown) evacuated my family. This consisted of my wife, Ruos Channly, my mother-in-law, Meach Nhory (deceased), my brother-in-law, Ruos Heap, currently living in the Damnak Porpol village, Damnak Porpol commune, Kampong Chhnang province, and me. We were removed from the Pring Kaong village, Cheung Kreav commune, Rolea Phieat district, Kampong Chhnang province to the Peam Laok mountain, located in Chreap commune, Tik Phos district, Kampong Chhnang province. They [Communist (Red Khmer) militiamen] said that everyone needed to move to other districts.\nIn approximately July or August, at noon, roughly more than fifty armed Communist (Red Khmer) militiamen ordered everyone to get out of the village. After this, following their orders, we walked five days to the Peam Laok mountain. Upon arrival there, our family was sent to live separately. I was put to work in a unit responsible for chopping down trees. My wife and mother-in-law were put to work in a dinning hall, and my brother-in-law was put to work in a children’s unit. In mid 1976, the local Communist (Red Khmer) cadres found out that my brothers used to serve as Republican soldiers. And it was true, that my brothers, Chhea and Chhin, used to be Republican soldiers. After this, they were executed. At this time, Hoan, a Communist (Red Khmer) cadre who had taken charge of the area, ordered his militiamen to call us from our work sites.\nAt this point, we were all held at gunpoint and told to follow the militiamen. Shortly after that, we reached the Peam Lok mountain, located in the Kampong Chhnang province. At the time, the location of the village, commune, and district was unknown to me. After four or five days of walking day and night, we arrived at a village next to the Peam Lao mountain. The first thing I did in this village was to build a small cottage for the four of us. Hoan (deceased) took charge of the area.\nLater, Hoan had me dig up tree roots and cut down the forest at the foot of the mountain, in order to have more land for farming. At this time [as I have said], my mom and wife were put to work at the dinning hall in the village, and my brother-in-law was put to work in the children’s unit.\nLater, at some point, a number of unknown Communist (Red Khmer) militiamen came to tell me and other people who were working in the village, to move to another work area. However, they did not tell us where we were supposed to go. Being held at gunpoint, we just followed them. Later, we learned that they had sent us to live and work at the foot of the mountain, in order to dig up tree roots and clear the forest. By doing so, [they] would have more land for farming. At the time, a person named Nhork Siphon, also living in my village [at the time], suffered through and witnessed these events. At first, I and other people did not know why the Communist (Red Khmer) or Hoan was forcing us live and work at the foot of the mountain.\nHowever, we learned later on that we were sent to that place, accused of having leanings [towards Republican]. This was because our brothers used to serve as Republican soldiers. They actually were former Republican soldiers, and I was aware that they had been executed. I learned this about this incident [their executions] from Ley, a militiaman and Hoan’s son, who told me that he was brought here, because he too was accused of leanings [towards the Republican side]. I am not certain whether Lay is still alive or dead.\nWhen we arrived there, we were divided into groups. Then, those people, whose siblings had been discovered to be former Republican soldiers, were put in chains after they came back from work at night. One by one, everyone was shackled and put to sleep in a line. At night, when we needed to pee, we just peed where we slept, while the Communist (Red Khmer) cadres walked close to our heads and observed us. However, when we needed to defecate, we told the guards, and they would release us and let us defecate.\nUprooting and chopping down the trees, we worked from five or six a.m. to twelve p.m., without having any breakfast. In the afternoon, we had a bowl of watery rice soup. After eating, we continued our work until five p.m. in order to receive the same amount of food. Once again, after eating, we worked until nine p.m. Whenever we worked, the militiamen were always present, guarding us all the time. During the nights, when there was enough moonlight to see by, they also had us work. And when there was no moonlight, they used kerosene lamps to light up the dark and make us work. Hoan took charge of the whole area. Other people and I lived in the area until the Vietnamese troops arrived.\nWe were shackled for only the first half year of our detention. And the assigned tasks were, of course, extremely difficult. While working, I saw that when a plow broke during plowing, the people who had not fully uprooted their trees were simply killed. For example, one morning, Chheu Boan, currently living in Baribo district of Kampong Chhnang province, and I saw four people who were uprooting trees at gunpoint. At the time, one Communist (Red Khmer) militiaman used a bamboo stick to kill those four people in front of us. The four were executed, because they did not uproot the trees well.  And because the trees were not completely uprooted, the plow broke during plowing.  I was terrified, seeing the incident with my own eyes. I do not know the Communist (Red Khmer) militiamen who killed those people. At the time, I was about twenty-three or twenty four years old. At this place, those who felt sick were not only banned from taking a day off, but were also forced to work. They were accused of laziness.\nDue to overwork and a lack of food, some people became exhausted and fell down at the worksite. In fact, once I too fell down due to exhaustion at the worksite. At the time, the Communist (Red Khmer) militiamen allowed my colleague to carry me to the cottage. Then, after a medic gave pills to the militiamen, they later passed them on to me. Only people who fell gravely sick and could not even walk were allowed to take a day off. Speaking of taking rabbit dropping [useless] pills, they not only forced us to take the pills but also observed us whether we took them or not. The pills, however, were not effective at all.\nLater on, I snuck out to find and eat Youk, a kind of animal, and Cha Khuoy, a root, in order to have energy. When we snuck out to find these things, we, of course, avoided being seen. Otherwise, we would surely have been killed if they had seen us. Because the water taken from the Youk was sweet, I was able to recover from my illness and have strength after eating the Cha Kuoy and the sweet water taken from Youk. Fortunately, I was able to survive such a terrible place. I want to confirm, that I was sent to live in this area in approximately 1976, and that I continued to live there until the Vietnamese came. From the time I was sent to uproot the trees, until the Vietnamese came, I asked permission from Hoa three times to allow me to meet with my family. There was tremendous suffering living there, with a lack of food, and terrible working conditions.\nAdditionally, there was no medicine at all, except the rabbit dropping [useless] medicine. If I had not caught frogs, fish, and found others things to eat, I would have starved to death. After the arrival of the Vietnamese, I went back to find my wife, and then headed to our homeland. Hoa (deceased) was the one responsible for what happened during the [Communist (Red Khmer)] regime, because he was the regional chief."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KH0061",
    "name": "Pal Nhoeun",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19500507",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Genocide education",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "Under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, after the liberation of Phnom Penh city, Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers, whose names I did not know, fired their rifles into the air, shouting and forcing my family and other families, who lived in Lbaek village, Khunrong commune, Baribo district, Kampong Chhnang province, to get out of our village immediately and head to various regions. After the liberation day, April 17, 1995, the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers forced villagers to get out of their village, saying that they wanted everyone to get out of the village for just three days, because they needed to wipe out their enemies and the rich.\nAt the time, they forced my family and other villagers to walk for half a month until we reached the Pheah Kol village, An-chanh Roung commune, Baribo district— known as district 10, Region 31 under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime— Kampong Chhnang province. At the Preah Kol village, Kea, a unit chief (female, deceased) had me build rice dykes, tend cows, and plow the paddy fields. At that time, Kea was the one who took charge of the area.\nI had to wake up early in the morning and work from eight a.m. to eleven a.m., without having any breakfast at all. Then [I] had watery rice soup mixed with banana trees to eat. After finishing lunch, I went back to work, from one thirty p.m. to five thirty or six p.m. This was the time I was allowed to come back and have dinner. I want to verify, that at that time, when a collective dining hall had not yet been created, Kea, the unit chief, gave two cans of rice to each family per week. Even though some families had lots of members, they still received two cans of rice per week. For example, my family, consisting of nine members (parents and seven children), also received two cans of rice per week.\nDuring the time, we never had enough food to eat, because the rations were so little. And we worked constantly without having any holiday at all. At that time, I snuck out to steal vegetables, Slaekbas leaves from a kind of tree, to mix with the watery rice soup. However, it was still not enough to overcome our hunger. When living at this place, I did not fall ill. I was aware that there was no hospital, medic, or medicine to treat patients. I have siblings who can stand as witnesses. They are Pal Heng, my older sister, who lives in the Daem Chrai village, Khunrong commune, and Pal Kimhao, my younger sister, who lives in this village. At the time, the Communist (Red Khmer) had not [yet] created the cooperative.\nTwo months later, in approximately June, receiving orders from the upper echelon, Kea assigned my family members to work and live in separate units. For instance, I was put to work in a plowing unit at the Kbal Trach area, whose village, commune, and district were unknown to me. However, I learned that the area was located in the Kampong Chhnang province, and close to the Krakor district, Pursat province. Living in this area and assigned to work in the plowing unit, I worked from five a.m. till ten a.m. Then I had to tend the buffaloes until four p.m. After that, I started to plow the paddy field from four p.m. to six p.m. People who took charge of the area were Pha, a female unit chief (I do not know whether she is still alive or has passed away), Thim, a male unit chief (I do not know whether he is still alive or has passed away). They were both in the military.\nWe received two meals per day. The first one, in the afternoon, consisted of a bowl of rice with a some other dish and the other meal, in the evening, was a bowl of rice with another dish. Soups cooked for us were Machou Trakuon [a soup cooked with morning glory] and Prahae [a soup cooked with a combination of vegetables]. The soups had no vitamins and nothing else, except water. Our work was non-stop.\nThose who did not feel well were not allowed to take the day off. Moreover, they were accused of laziness or having a guilty conscience. I saw one man, whose name I did not know, became ill due to overwork and malnutrition and fell asleep on the ox-cart. Seeing him sleeping on the ox-cart, the Communist (Red Khmer) not only banned him from taking a rest, but also cut off his rations. Those who could not work did not need to eat. Just keep the rations for those who can work, they said. Fortunately, this man was able to recover. There was no hospital, medicine, or even a medic. Fortunately, while working in that area, I did not get sick. I remember the people who used to work with me in the plowing unit. One is Norng Vuoy, currently living in Lbaek village, Khunrang commune. And there were others whose names I forget.\nAfterwards, the two unit chiefs sent me to build the January first dam, located in the Baribo district, Kampong Chhnang province. I did not know the chief who took charge of the dam site, because he was sent from region 31. While working there, in order to receive a ladle of watery rice soup and another bowl of soup, I had to wake up early and work from five a.m. to eleven a.m. Likewise, to get another ladle of watery rice soup and another bowl of watery soup, which contained no vitamins at all, I had to work from one p.m. to six p.m. At night time, we had to work from six thirty p.m. to ten p.m.  So, everyone had to work day and night, and they gave us only a fifteen-minute break. We only had a fifteen-minute break, at the same time we were carrying heavy dirt for five or six hours without stopping. To sum up, the working conditions were truly horrific.\nThere were approximately one hundred people working together in my unit. While working, I saw ten people I didn’t know, fall down unconscious, because of overwork and malnutrition. Seeing this incident, the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers sent these people to the O Chrlos hospital, located in Anchanh Roung commune, district 10. These people never came back. All of them disappeared forever. I think some may have survived the regime, while others may have perished. I want to confirm, that I was sent to build the January first dam in January of 1976. I worked at this place for three months. Fortunately, I did not get sick, but I became extremely exhausted.\nMao (deceased), who lives in this village used to work with me at the January first dam. At the construction site, there was a rumor, that people were being killed. But the reason for this was not known to me. In addition to this, I observed that the majority of people working there kept disappearing.  But I did not know why they were disappearing. I am not certain whether they [the Communist (Red Khmer) regime] took and killed all these people, or whether they evacuated these people to other places. I was terrified by all the incidents of people disappearing.  However, I was able survive the regime.\nAfter that, I was sent to do dry farming at Tonle Sap, probably located in Kampong Thom or the Pursat province, but the village, commune, or district, was unknown to me. The working conditions at this new place were as difficult as those of the January first dam. We were again put to work day and night. There was no hospital there, and I did not know the person in charge of the area. The evacuation to Tonle Sap took place in 1977. After that, I was relocated to Tuol Lavi, Me Lum commune, Baribo district. I do not know whether That, the unit chief who took control of the area, is still alive or has died."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0044",
    "name": "Sam Rann",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Construction worker",
    "reparation": "Mental hospital for Communist (Red Khmer) victims",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "After taking complete control of the entire country, the Communist (Red Khmer) forced people to work extremely hard. For example, my family and I were forcibly put to work under extreme conditions. They forced me to work from six a.m. to twelve p.m. After lunch, I had to work until six p.m. What’s more, after we finished our dinner, they put us to work again until ten p.m. every day. A village chief, Nhor (deceased), assigned everyone to extremely hard work.\nIn addition, he also forced me to build a communal dinning hall. Even though I was sick, [I] was still put to work. If I could not work, I would be given nothing to eat. During this time, one [person] who was twice unable to work, was taken away and killed. Other people who were forced to work extremely hard during the regime are Ra, Seng, and my Mom. I do not know why the Pol Pot group forced us to work extremely hard from 1975 to 1979. I saw people being walked away. These people never returned. I often saw the Communist (Red Khmer) group walking people, both base people and 17th of April people, to the foot of the Touk Meas mountain. The Communist (Red Khmer) usually walked people at dusk, in groups of five to 10, with their hands tied up behind their backs. I saw this scene almost every day. At the time, I thought these people were being arrested because they were accused of being [Republican] soldiers, teachers, secret agents, or CIA. Though I did not see the killing, I believe that these people were killed. My reason for this, is because I found many corpses at the foot of the mountain, when I went to visit this place after the fall [of the Communist (Red Khmer)] in 1979.\nI think that Nhor, the village chief, must be held accountable for the killings. In addition to this, I also saw the Pol Pot group arrest ethnic minority groups, including Chinese, Vietnamese, and Cham-Muslims, and exterminate these groups. I think these ethnic minority groups were exterminated, because Pol Pot thought that these groups were the wrong ethnicities. Those who were Chinese, Cham-Muslims, and Vietnamese were all exterminated at Touk Meas mountain! The chief of Ngor village should be held accountable for these killings. There were two or three Communist (Red Khmer) [cadres] whose identities were unknown to me, coming to arrest these people at that time."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0056",
    "name": "Kem Kuon",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Housewife",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "The loss of my family members",
      "description": "Beginning on victory day, April 17, 1975, to 1979, I lost eight family members. On liberation day, April 17, 1975, while we were travelling back to our home village (current address), one of our children, the third child, died along the way of starvation. On liberation day, after deciding to return to our home village, it took my family a month to walk back home. Two or three days after we arrived, my father also died of starvation and exhaustion as a result of walking such a long distance. In April 1976, I learned that my husband had been arrested in the afternoon when he went to climb palm trees. Another palm tree climber told me, that my husband had been arrested. I do not know which “education place my husband was taken to. Ta Kroan, the other palm tree climber, only told me, that my husband had been taken away. I do not know who was responsible for his arrest.\nThey arrested my husband in the Prey Taprech village. I think that he was arrested having been accused of being a former Republican soldier. In 1977, my eighth daughter died from disease and a lack of milk. At the time, I was sent to work far away from my children. And my daughter was sent to live with elderly women. When she became ill, I took her to Kales, a hospital at Tuok Meas. After an injection, she died. I believe my daughter died, because she was not breast-fed, when I was forced to work far away from her. And there was no medicine at the hospital. I do not know whom should be held accountable for her death."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0060",
    "name": "Kem Yeng",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19580805",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Woman statue",
    "details": {
      "title": "The loss of a family member – my youngest brother",
      "description": "My youngest brother, Kaem Yiek, worked in a mobile work brigade under the Pol Pot regime. He was arrested and killed at some point between 1976 and 1977. I only heard that commune combatants arrested him, brought him to the Touk Meas prison and killed him there. Missing home and parents, my brother escaped home many times. This was why he was arrested, imprisoned, and executed. I do not know who is responsible for his death or who ordered the arrest. An eyewitness who saw the incident has passed away."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0071",
    "name": "Nhem Kruy",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19570420",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Woman statue",
    "details": {
      "title": "Defrocking a monk – my older brother",
      "description": "In 1978, my older brother, a monk at the Rangieng pagoda, was defrocked at the Phnum Tauch village, Sdechkung Khangtbaung commune, Banteay Meas district. I do not know the identity of the militiamen who disrobed my brother. I only saw those militiamen coming to defrock my brother and to take him away. At this time, the militiamen disrobed the monks, destroyed the pagoda, and took my brother away and forced him to serve as a soldier. I do not know who is responsible for the defrocking and disappearance of my brother. At the time, our neighbors, who witnessed the incident, were Ta Toan (deceased), and Ta Sim, who now lives in Pursat province."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0072",
    "name": "Keo On",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19330303",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Woman statue",
    "details": {
      "title": "The loss of a family member - my first son",
      "description": "In approximately 1976, my son, Phin Pha, was forcibly enlisted in the army. I do not know why they arrested my son and enlisted him in the army. One morning, when I had gone to a market, two or three militiamen came to arrest my son at our home. I do not know who ordered these militiamen to arrest my son. My family and cousin, Kim Oeun, witnessed the incident. From the moment this incident took place, he disappeared forever. I have never heard anything from him since. The militiamen arrested my son at our home, located at this current address."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0075",
    "name": "Sam Dorl",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19841204",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Mental hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Loosing two siblings",
      "description": "In 1976, I lost two siblings. The first, was Sam Pan, my brother and the second, was Srey Poeu, my sister. I do not know why this incident occurred. Furthermore, I do not know where they were taken to, when they were killed, and where they were killed. They both disappeared from a cooperative, located in the Damnak Krasaing village, Pra Phnum commune, Nakor Bachey district. I do not know who the chief of the cooperative was. No one told me anything about their disappearance. I do not know who is responsible for this incident."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0079",
    "name": "Preap Khen",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19260403",
    "job": "Housewife",
    "reparation": "Mental hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Evacuation",
      "description": "On the liberation day of Phnom Penh in 1975, my wife and I were held at gunpoint and forced to move out of Phnom Penh. They said, “No need to take any possession, just bring yourselves. A week later, [you] can return.� At the time, I lived at kilometer number 6. Pol Pot’s [militia] forced us to walk day and night from Phnom Penh to Prek Kdam. It took us three days straight to reach Skun. I saw many people dying along the road due to malnutrition, particularly elderly people. They were forced to keep walking forwards at all times. I observed Pol Pot [militiamen], who were all armed, force us to keep walking forward. But their identities were unknown to me. Along the way, I carried both my luggage and my child. At night time, we slept in a field. The mosquitoes bit us terribly. In 1983, I did not participate in filing a petition. Now I am happy to file the victims application form, because I want to see [the Communist (Red Khmer) leaders] brought to trail."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0082",
    "name": "Samrith Savoeun",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19520207",
    "job": "Driver at British embassy",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "The loss of 10 of my family members",
      "description": "Under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, I lost 10 family members:  my mother, brothers, sisters, nieces, nephews, and my daughter. In 1977, I did farming in a mobile work brigade of district 55, Takeo province. My family lived together in the Taing Daung commune, Baty district, except for my fourth older sibling, who lived in Pursat province. In late 1977, I heard that my oldest brother, Mam, had been arrested and taken from his home, located in the Taprech village, after he was accused of being an enemy. The people who came to arrest him were communal militiamen and the chief of the commune, named Laut.\nI do not know who ordered this group to arrest my brother, or where they took him to. I cannot recall the people who told me about the incident. I think they have already passed away. Later on, the commune militiamen and the commune chief, Laut, arrested my third brother and put him to work at a construction site at the base of the Tamao mountain. At the time, my mother and sisters also asked this group if they could go to work at the construction site as well. I do not know who ordered the militiamen and commune chief to do this. I believe they took my family and other villagers away, because we were 17th of April people. After that, I heard villagers saying that [after the removal to the mountain site], they saw some clothes which belonged to my family and others who lived nearby. I think the order to separate my family was given by [people in] the upper level.\nMy daughter, Samrith Sanary, died from starvation at home in late 1976. When she died, I was transporting salt in the Kampot province. Four or five hours after I returned from transporting salt in Kampot, she died. My daughter died, because there were insufficient rations and no hospitals under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime. I think [the Communist (Red Khmer)] did this, because they received orders from the highest level.\nIn 1983, I did not file a petition [against the Communist (Red Khmer).] I am happy to file this application form now, because I am anxious to see the Communist (Red Khmer) leaders being prosecuted soon."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0101",
    "name": "Kit Kiem",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19340928",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Genocide museum",
    "details": {
      "title": "The loss of my family members",
      "description": "In 1978, I lost my father, Kit Kin, 68, and one cousin. My father died from starvation and overwork. He died at our home in the Chruos Tasaom village, Kadto Khangchaeng commune, Kampong Trach district, Kampot province. I was with him on the night he died. Nhor, a unit chief in the village, forced my family and others to work extremely hard. The assigned work included carrying dirt, transplanting rice seedlings, and digging a canal. Most of these tasks were done in O Russei village. My father was put to work inside the village. He was ordered to work from seven a.m. to twelve p.m., before being given two ladles of rice soup to eat. After this, in order to receive two ladles of rice soup for dinner, he had to keep working until five p.m. My father suffered greatly. I believe that Nhor caused my father’s death, because he made us do extremely hard forced labor, and gave us a very small amount of food to eat. I do not know why they gave us such little amount of food,  and forced us to work so extremely hard.\nSuon, a militiaman chief, and Chien, a commune chief, came and forced my cousin from his home to receive an “education.� And we never saw him come back [from this]. His house was next to mine, approximately 200 meters away. They came to arrest him, because he had not worked for one day. I think he was arrested, because he was a well-educated person, who finished his Baccalaureate II in Phnom Penh. Before returning home in 1975, he studied in Phnom Penh. In early 1978, he was arrested and taken to receive an re-education in a place I do not know. I do not know who ordered the arrest, or who should be held accountable for the arrest [and death] of my cousin.\nOne thing I do know is that Suon, the militiaman chief, and Chien, the commune chief, took my cousin away. I witnessed this incident. As soon as he was taken away, I believed he would be dead. Other family members, including my wife, Sum Hen, Seun, and my younger sibling, Kab, also witnessed the two incidents mentioned above."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0104",
    "name": "Meas Ay",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Mental hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "Under the Pol Pot regime (1975-1979), unit chiefs (deceased), who mostly came from the high districts, ordered villagers to work from dawn to dusk. For example, my family and I were made to do extremely hard forced labor, such as plowing, carrying dirt, building dams at Korky Dek and Kampong Kranhoung. To this very day, my legs still hurt from this time that I was forced to build a dam in the Kampong Trach district.  Without breakfast, I worked from six a.m. to eleven a.m., which was the time we received three ladles of watery rice soup to eat. Then, to receive another three ladles of watery soup, I had to work from one p.m. to five p.m. During this time, we were put to work every day, without any days off, not even Sunday. Even though I was sick, I had to work, because everyone was forced to work. I went to work, because I was afraid of being taken way and killed. People who worked with me are Mean Roeung, my cousin, and my neighbors in the village [mentioned in the current address.]\nIn approximately 1976, I saw an unknown unit chief arrest my neighbors (Tauch Yan, Meas Roeun, Sy Vuoch), tie them up, load them onto a horse cart, and take them away. They arrested these three people, my neighbors, to bring to the new village, but they did not tell us where they were taking them. My neighbors (deceased) and I witnessed the incident. These three were arrested, after being accused of laziness, because they had already been sick for two or three days. Those who got sick for two or three days were taken to the new village. And I knew, that taking people to the new village meant taking them to be killed. I do not know who ordered and who were responsible for the incident. I do not know why the Communist (Red Khmer) forced us to work so extremely hard, gave us such a tiny amount food to eat, or where they took all the rice they had."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0113",
    "name": "Ly Bros",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Genocide education",
    "details": {
      "title": "Evacuation",
      "description": "Before the liberation, I served as a Republican soldier, and lived together with my family in Teuk Thla, Phnom Penh city. On the morning of April 17, 1975, other Republican soldiers and I were at the Republican barrack, located near Wat Phnom. When we heard the Communist (Red Khmer) say to “get out of Phnom Penh city, because we are afraid that the U.S might bomb the city,� we dropped our weapons. There were lots of Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers, forcing people to move out. In the beginning, they forced me to walk from Phnom Penh to Takhmao. Then unknown Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers loaded my friends, such as Leng, Chea, myself, and others onto a truck, and took us to Sa-ang. With hopes of searching for my family, finding some food, and a safe place to live, my friends and I escaped and returned to Phnom Penh.\nUnfortunately, when we were swimming across the Basak river, the Communist (Red Khmer) arrested us. Then they forced me to walk until I reached Rorka Kaong. A month after seeing unknown Communist (Red Khmer) militiamen arrest and kill my neighbors, I escaped from the area. I witnessed the incident, but I am not certain which region it was, because it was at night. I do not know for certain why they killed these people. But I think the Communist (Red Khmer) killed these people, because they were the 17th of April people. Later on, I came to live at this current address."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0122",
    "name": "Nget Sim",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19460410",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Woman statue",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "From 1975 to the fall of the [Communist (Red Khmer) regime], Khatt Deu, the unit chief in the village, sent me to do farm work, transplant young seedlings, carry dirt, and other forced labor. During this time, I worked with Kimseng, my brother-in-law. Without having any breakfast, we worked from seven a.m. to nine a.m. And after a short break, in order to get one and a half ladles of rice soup, we worked until eleven a.m. Then we worked from one p.m. to five p.m., which was the time we received another one and a half ladles of rice soup.\nSometimes, they gave us one and a half ladles of rice soup to eat and sometimes, they gave us a piece of sticky rice to instead. When we were sick, we still had to work. If we did not do our work, we would be killed. At one point, there were six young Communist (Red Khmer) militiamen coming to arrest two 17th of April people. The two 17th of April people, my neighbors, Rin and Sambath, were arrested and killed, after they were accused of being lazy. The fact was, that they were very sick at the time. Although they were the 17th of April people, I observed that they both worked very hard. Unfortunately, militiamen still killed them. I witnessed this incident, but I do not know who is responsible for the arrest, and who ordered those young militiamen to arrest them.\nWhen I was six-months pregnant, my unit chief called Khatt Doe, forced me to carry dirt to fill in the paddy fields. At the time, I carried two buckets of dirt (40 kilograms) from one end of the end village to the other, about 3 kilometers. I carried dirt such a long distance twice a day, and suffered terribly, because my belly was in such pain. They forced me to work all the way up to the time that I was to give birth. Half a month after I delivered my baby, they forced me to do the same task again. During my pregnancy and after delivering my baby, I was given the same amount of rations as normal people. To date, I have always wondered why the Communist (Red Khmer) forced people to work so extremely hard, and gave people such a small amount of food to eat.\nIn 1983, I petitioned the Communist (Red Khmer), because I was angry and hated them. This time, I am happy to file the application form, and I want to see the Communist (Red Khmer) put on trial soon."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0124",
    "name": "Iek Khan",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19430902",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Genocide education",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "From 1975 to 1979, I and other villagers were forced to transplant young seedlings, do heavy farm work, carry dirt, and husk rice. I did most of the assigned tasks inside the village, except carrying dirt, which was done in the Thmei village. There were no exact working times. [we] just followed their orders. I think Sem and Doe ordered people to do all these difficult tasks, and they are responsible for forcing people to work so hard. These working conditions made me exhausted every day. Sometimes, [we] had lunch, sometimes [we] did not have lunch. Sometimes [we] had dinner, and on very rare occasions, we sometimes had food after finishing work at ten p.m.\nWhere I lived, people were given rice and water lily soup. There was enough rice to eat, [but we were too exhausted to eat]. At one point, when I had a fever, the unit chief still forced me to work at O Thlork, transplanting young seedlings. Only when I became really ill, was I allowed to take one day off. I do not know why [the Communist (Red Khmer)] forced people to work so extremely hard under the Pol Pot regime."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0128",
    "name": "Net Chan",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19440703",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Genocide education",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forcing a disabled person with a disabled leg to work",
      "description": "From 1975 to 1979, Communist (Red Khmer) cadres forced [people] to carry dirt at the Stung Phe dam, carry the cement used to build the dam at Along Damrei of the Chhum Kiri district, and dig a canal in the village. Ta Chhruoch, the village chief, who now lives in Ta Reach, a nearby village, forced me to work at Anlong Damrei. My mother was also aware of this incident. I learned that Ta Mok was the chief of Anlong Damrei, and I saw him three times from 1976 to 1977. At Anlong Damrei, with nothing inside my stomach, I worked from three or four a.m. to eleven thirty a.m. Then we ate lunch. Shortly afterwards, [we] went back to work until five p.m., which was the time we had dinner. After dinner, [we] kept working until nine or ten p.m. When people were sick, they were sent to a hospital. At the time, Phan (deceased) worked with me at the dam site.\nIn 1976, Yey Yet, a female unit chief (deceased) ordered me to work building the dam at Stung Phe. The working conditions at the construction site were as difficult as those in Anlong Damrei. The food rations were too little. We got only a bowl of rice soup. In 1978, Ta Chruoch, a unit chief, forced me to carry dirt, and dig the canal at Krok mountain. The working conditions over there were extremely hard, and there was very little food to eat. Everything was too difficult for me, because my right leg was disabled. I was shot by a bullet in 1970. However, I did struggle hard to survive the regime. Ta Khlim was also sent to carry dirt [at Krok mountain]. Yey Yet, the village chief, and Ta Chruoch, the unit chief, should be held accountable for forcing people to [work extremely hard].\nI am happy to file this application form, and I want to see the Communist (Red Khmer) leaders prosecuted"
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0132",
    "name": "On Sarin",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19610106",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Woman statue",
    "details": {
      "title": "The loss of my mother, Yy San",
      "description": "In late 1978, my mother, Yy San, died from a postpartum illness in Pursat province. I learned of the incident from my father. In 1978, Communist (Red Khmer) cadres deported all villagers to Pursat province, because Yuon [Vietnamese] were coming to kill the people. The Communist (Red Khmer) scared people, saying that if we did not run, the Yuons would cut off our necks and heels. I am not exactly certain who ordered the villagers to move out of the village. I only know that they were Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers. At this time, my mother became ill, because El, a village chief, who is still alive and lives in at an unknown address, forced her to work building the Romlech dam. I learned from my father, that my mother was forced to carry dirt from six a.m. to eleven a.m., and after a short break with a ladle of rice soup, she had to work from one p.m. to six p.m., and then got another ladle of rice soup. At night, we worked from seven p.m. to eleven p.m., without receiving any extra food. Then we went to sleep.\nMy mother had a postpartum illness, as a result of being forced to carry dirt. When she had a postpartum illness, Ta An (deceased) gave her some rabbit dropping [useless] medicine. However, the medicine was not effective at all. My father said, that they spent half a month travelling to Pursat province. Because she was exhausted from building the Romlech dam, and had a postpartum illness, she died at Pursat province. The Communist (Red Khmer) leaders should be held accountable for the death of my mother.\nIn 1983, I, along with other villagers, filed a petition against the Communist (Red Khmer). I am happy to file the application form now. I want to see the Communist (Red Khmer) leaders prosecuted soon."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0140",
    "name": "Uk Phan",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1936",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Woman statue",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "From 1975 to 1979, the Communist (Red Khmer) forced me to transplant rice seedlings, harvest and thresh rice, carry dirt, and build the Ramlech dam, located in Chre commune. I did most of the assigned tasks in the village. Every task was under the supervision of a unit chief, Yey Yin (deceased). This unit chief, mistreated us and she is responsible for forcing people to work extremely hard. Early each morning, my neighbors, Yey Nim, currently living in the village, Yey Khiek (deceased), Yey Lorn, currently living in the village, other people, and myself, worked from three a.m. to eleven a.m., without having breakfast. Then we received a ladle of rice soup [half rice and half porridge] to eat. After an hour rest, we worked until five or six p.m. Then we received another ladle of rice soup to eat.\nDuring the rice seedling transplanting season, we sometimes worked until nine or ten p.m., according to the assignments. Those who felt ill had to work anyway. Only when they became seriously sick, were they allowed to take a day off. At the Romlech dam, I was forced to work from seven a.m. to eleven a.m. Then, after an hour to eat, I continued to work until six p.m., when I received another ration. At night, I worked until nine or ten p.m., without receiving any extra food. Although pregnant, I still had to work. I lived in pain, and I cried every night, because I was exhausted and worried about my little child.\nI do not remember the exact date, when they forced me to build the Ramlech dam. I\nonly remember that the incident took place from 1975 to 1979. I think that the high level Communist (Red Khmer) cadres are responsible for forcing people to work extremely hard.\nI do not recall whether I participated in petitions of 1983. But I am happy to file the application form now, and want to see those people being prosecuted soon."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0141",
    "name": "Nhean Sokhan (Nhean Sokhan)",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19330713",
    "job": "Stay at home",
    "reparation": "Genocide education",
    "details": {
      "title": "The death of my father, Yean Num",
      "description": "My father, Yean Num, died from disease, diarrhea, malnutrition and a lack of medical treatment. He died in the house in which he was living in 1978. He received such a small amount of rations, only two or three ladles of rice soup per day. Num Vet, my daughter, Num Phou, my son, Num Sokharath, my son, and I witnessed the incident. I think a village chief named Ouk Yoeun is responsible for the death of my father."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0160",
    "name": "Men Chhorn",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Stay at home",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Imprisonment at Trapeang Korng prison",
      "description": "One morning in late 1978, three commune militiamen came to arrest me at my house, in which I still live, and took me to the south. Then they detained me at the Trapeang Korng prison, because they accused me of intending to poison a village chief, named Suos (deceased). I can recall one of the militiamen named Nean (deceased).\nAt the time they came to arrest me, my wife, Kip, and children, Rann and Roeun, witnessed the incident. However, they did not see me, when I was being taken\naway. At this time, they tied me up and took me to the Thmei pagoda. Upon arrival at the Thmei pagoda, they untied me and then one militiaman, named Din, I do not know whether he is still alive or dead, tied me up again, and sent me to Lou village, Srae Cheng commune. I was brought to the police station, which was under the supervision of Ta Rin, who now lives at the border.\nLater on, Din took me to the Trapeang Korng prison. Ta Rin was the chief of the prison. When I arrived at the prison, they untied me. There were approximately three to five thousand prisoners in the prison at the time. They detained me at the prison for three months, before the Vietnamese troops arrived. Instead of torturing me, they forced me to work extremely hard every day, and gave a very small amount to eat, only two ladles of rice soup per day. People kept disappearing everyday, and I was aware of and heard gunfire to the west of detention area.\nI think Ta Suos should be held accountable for what happened to me during this time. At the prison, male and female prisoners kept disappearing daily.\nIn 1983, following what others did, I participated in petitioning the Communist (Red Khmer). And this time, I feel really happy, filing the application form before the court. I want the court to prosecute the Communist (Red Khmer) soon."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0161",
    "name": "Sep Ron",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Mental Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "After I served as a commune militiaman, in 1976, Nauv Nan, a chief of commune militiamen, enlisted me in the army. However, I defected. Later on, I worked in a mobile work brigade at Stung Phe and Koh Sla. Ta Suon, a commune chief (deceased), took charge of the mobile work brigade. I think that they sent me to work in the mobile work brigade because my relatives were 17th of April people.\nIn 1976, Eun, who now lives in this village, Ou (deceased), and I carried dirt at Stung Phe. After breakfast, we worked from seven a.m. to eleven a.m., which was a lunch break where we received rice or rice soup. After [having lunch], we worked from one p.m. to five p.m. Then after having dinner, we carried dirt until nine p.m. We worked extremely hard, and our rations were better than those of the 17th of April people. But there was no doubt, that there was not enough for us to eat.\nAnd those who felt ill had to keep working, because they were afraid of being taken for “re-education.� I do not know who the chief of the Stung Phe mobile work brigade was. In 1978, a unit chief named Ta Kan (deceased) forced me to work in the mobile work brigade.\nAt Koh Sla, I and others, whose names I mentioned above, needed to work extremely hard, just like when we worked at Stung Phe. Moreover, we still received only a tiny amount of food. Besides working in the mobile work brigade, we transplanted rice seedlings at various villages such, as Tra Chaeng and Sva Thlakk village. I do not know why they put us to work extremely hard, and gave us such a small amount of food to eat.\nIn 1983, I had intended to participate in petitioning the Communist (Red Khmer). And today, I am happy to file the application form. I want to see the Communist (Red Khmer) leaders put on trail soon."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KP0168",
    "name": "Suop Nep",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19540525",
    "job": "Commune chief",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Imprisonment in the agriculture office",
      "description": "From 1972 to April 12, 1975, I served as a soldier, and was stationed in various provinces: Kampot, Takeo, Kampong Speu, Kampong Chhnang, and Pursat province. One morning on April 13, 1975, a chief of the first company, whose name I do not recall, of battalion 135, regiment number 2, division number 1, of the Southwest zone, called on my group, myself and four colleagues of mine, from the Longvek battlefield, to return home and farm work. Of these four, I can remember only Ranhh (deceased). At the time we were called on to work in Oral, we were at Longvek.\nUpon our arrival at Oral, we were forced to do heavy farm work. They assigned ten people to dig up one hectare of earth per day for farming. In the mornings, with nothing inside our stomach, we worked from seven a.m. to twelve p.m., which was lunch time for us. Ten people ate five cans of rice. Including civilians and soldiers, there were six hundred people working at this place. In the afternoons, we worked from two p.m.to five p.m. Then we had dinner.\nEvery night, [we] worked until ten p.m. Sometimes, they forced us to work until three a.m. At the agriculture office at Oral, there was no hospital or medicine. Those who were sick had to keep working, otherwise, they would be accused of laziness, and even beaten. I heard and saw the sick disappear after they were accused of laziness. I think they were all executed. I do not know who took and killed the sick, or where the sick were killed. I often saw unit chiefs beating people who could not work. An unknown unit chief beat Ta Han with a stick, when he was too exhausted to carry dirt.\nFrom 1975 to 1979, there were three people supervising the agriculture office at Oral, who took turns supervising the place each day. Among the three, I remember one named Neng (deceased). The ones who forced me to suffer the extreme working conditions at the agriculture office at Oral for three years, and who weakened my health, are Ta Seng (deceased), regiment chief, Ta Soeng, who worked at the zone level (unknown if he is dead or alive), and Ta Lam, a chief of battalion 135 (unknown if he is dead or alive).\nI want to confirm, that there were six hundred soldiers called on to work at the agriculture office. The number was later reduced to around twenty five, only by the time the Vietnamese troops arrived. Lots of people, including Ranhh, who vanished in 1977, disappeared during this time. I lived in pain from April 13, 1975 to 1979, when the Vietnamese came to liberate us."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KR0001",
    "name": "Smal El",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Mosque",
    "details": {
      "title": "I, Sman El, witnessed such atrocious crimes – people were being loaded onto carts like banana trees piled on top of one another and then taken away. When I asked the people in charge, they told me nothing. I saw this incident in Chroy Thma Village, Prek Pha-Sap District, Chambakk Commune, Kratie Province. The incident I saw took place during the rainy season. I want to state that I did not witness other crimes, aside from the above-mentioned crime, because I was busy, carrying soil, plowing fields, and making cart wheels.",
      "description": null
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KR0002",
    "name": "Nan Ai Sah",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Religious persecution:",
      "description": "In early 1976, a commune chief (Khmer whose name I forget) evacuated my family from Prek Tahop Village, Khsach Andet Commune, Chhlong District, Kratie Province to Chambakk Village, Chambakk Commune, Prek Brasap District, Kratie Province. At that time, they gave us no reason regarding the evacuation. A unit chief in the village was named Ta Mam (deceased), but I do not know who the village chief, cooperative chief, or commune chief were, because we were new people. We were not interested in knowing their names because we worked most of the time. There was a communal dining hall there, and the Chams and Khmer ate together.\nI do not remember the name of the dining hall chief, because a long time has passed. In the dining hall, they cooked food from pork once a week, and everyone ate the food. I want to emphasize that they gave a larger amount of pork to the Chams than to Khmer. And sometimes, they cooked porridge with pork for us to eat. During that time, none of the Chams refused to eat the porridge, fearing that they would be taken away and executed. During meals when pork was served, the Communist (Red Khmer) wandered around, observed and spied on us to see whether we ate the pork or not. But whenever there was no food cooked with pork, they did not patrol the dining area.\nIn the village, there were no Chams who dared to act against the orders of the Communist (Red Khmer). We did what they told us. Because the village was a Khmer village, there were no mosques. I heard that some Chams tried to pray secretly, and I, in fact, prayed as well, but not regularly. I prayed secretly once in a while. In the village, some Chams were taken into a rubber plantation, and they never returned -- except their clothes. When the incident took place, I thought that they were taken to be executed.\nThe Communist (Red Khmer) allowed the Cham people who perished from exhaustion and disease to be buried only.  Religious ceremonies were not permitted.  I want to make it clear that a majority of Chams evacuated from Phnom Penh were taken to be executed at the rubber plantation in 1978. Most Cham families disappeared at the rubber plantation, and I do not know why they were taken to be killed there. Particularly, one family whom I knew, consisting of husband, Soh: wife, Am Nah; and a son, Ny: were taken away and executed in Truoy Ampil pagoda (Chambakk Village, Chambakk Commune, Prek Prasap District, Kratie Province) by unknown Communist (Red Khmer) in the village. The Communist (Red Khmer) took them away by truck. I heard from another person that Soh was taken to be executed behind Truol Ampil pagoda.\nRegarding marriage, the Communist (Red Khmer) selected people and held simultaneous marriage ceremonies for many couples. I found out that about thirty couples were married in one ceremony. I learned this information from my niece, E Eh (currently living in Dambe District, Kampong Cham Province), because during that time, she was forced to get married. Therefore, during the regime, there were no wedding ceremonies which followed religious traditions. I want to clarify that I lived in the village until the Vietnamese troops arrived.\nAdditional Information Form (collected on September 01, 2009)\nI want verify that Nan An Sah, not Nai Sah. However, th local authorities wrote my name wrongly when making my national identification card. The name, Nai Sah, was also used in my birth certificate and family book. Moreover, the local authorities wrote that I was born in 1947. In fact, I was born in 1950."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KR0003",
    "name": "Nhakk Sok",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1954",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "In early 1975, my younger brother, Nhakk At, was  forced to enlist in the army in Kratie region by a cooperative chief of Chang Hap village named Thean. From the moment he left our house, I never heard from him again. In mid 1978, I witnessed two Communist (Red Khmer) security men of Sambo District, named Chhay and An, arrest and imprison people in O Brateal security center (a security center of Sambo District).",
      "description": "During that time, Chhay and An called upon and interrogated one prisoner. Then both of them blindfolded that prisoner with Krama [a traditional Cambodian scarf] in front of a pit five meters square and two meters in depth. They then beat that prisoner with iron bars until he fell into the pit, where he was buried. To my knowledge, the prisoners detained there committed moral offenses, had talked favorably about the Vietnamese, damaged equipment while plowing the fields  and fork, and stole rice, potatoes, and bananas.  Under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, from April 17, 1975 to January 06, 1979, the traditions of the ethnic Mil were eliminated. The Communist (Red Khmer) forced people to work day and night and provided only rice soup for nutrition in a communal dining hall."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KR0004",
    "name": "Chou Taing",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on April 06, 2010",
      "description": "Arrest and imprisonment of my father-in-law, Neang Ham, in Kduoch Prison\nIn mid-1976, two communal combatants (whose names I forget) called upon my father-in-law, Neang Ham, to work at a commune. That evening, my wife, Neang Hout, and I witnessed the incident, because we were all present together at home. The following morning, following their order, he left without even saying a word. When he arrived at the communal hall, I noticed that he was held at gunpoint and escorted away. At that time, I did not know where he was taken.\nNext, I learned that he was taken to Kduoch Prison, because one relative named Uncle Yan (deceased) informed me that he saw my father-in-law being sent to Kduoch Prison. He learned this information because he did farming nearby.\nUpon working in Sambo, I ran into Uncle Yan, and he informed me that my father-in-law had been taken to Kdouch Prison half a month ago. I thought that my father-in-law was arrested because he confronted [the Communist (Red Khmer)] about communal eating and collective property. Unsatisfied, he stood up and confronted the policies of [the Communist (Red Khmer)]. A chief of Kbal Damrei Commune (whom I do not know), stated that my father-in-law had a tendency toward private ownership. This was the reason why my father was captured and imprisoned.\nIt was fortunate that he was released two years later. Between 1976 and 1978, though we knew that my father was detained in Kduoch Prison, my family and I never went to visit him, because we could not go anywhere freely and had to ask permission from the Communist (Red Khmer) to visit him. At the beginning, I thought he must have been dead, because when someone was taken away, it usually meant they were dead.\nUnder the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, we lived in Chang Hap Village, Kbal Damrei Commune, Sambo District, Kratie Province. The village chief was Ta Thang (deceased), and the commune chief was Chhan (deceased). After my father-in-law returned, he lived with our family. Afterward, he informed me that at the beginning of his detention, he was interrogated and tortured. They asked him about his network and why he dared to confront them about collective property and communal eating.  In response, he stated that he had no network. My father said that for the first three or four months, he was beaten every two or three days. After they stopped torturing him, they put him to work doing heavy tasks such as building rice dikes, uprooting trees, etc. He said that sometimes they kicked him and beat him with a barrel during the interrogation. He did not know the security police or persons in charge of the torturing unit or the prison at Kduoch, nor did he tell me their names.\nHe mentioned that serious offenders would be shot dead or killed after the interrogation. In the prison, inmates were shackled at night. Light offenders, like him, were shackled on one leg only. Serious offenders were shackled on both legs. The prison was not made of wood or cement.  They used only bamboo to build it. He stated that prisoners were kept in many places, based on the degree of their offense.\nHe had many assigned tasks and little food to eat.  He went to work with nothing inside his stomach, from six a.m. to twelve p.m., before he was given a bowl of rice soup. Then [he] went back to work, from twelve p.m. to five p.m., before receiving another bowl of rice soup to eat. At night, [he] had to work from seven p.m. to nine p.m. without receiving any extra food. He asserted that those who escaped from the prison would be dead immediately after being caught. After he tried to re-educate himself and work very hard, they released him."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KR0005",
    "name": "Khauv Khen",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Working day and night to build rice dikes.",
      "description": "Insufficient food.\nEthnic traditions were eliminated.\nBecause of the Communist (Red Khmer), I have endured very terrible living conditions from that time until the present.\nProperty loss\nThe Communist (Red Khmer) took away my property, including cows, buffalo, and left me with nothing but hardship since then."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KR0006",
    "name": "Svay Boeun",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1950201",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Pagoda",
    "details": {
      "title": "In 1975, Khin, a security policeman, captured and took my father-in-law, Kauv Tauch, to Sambo  District. Then my family was relocated to a construction site at Sre Chrai village and ordered to uproot trees from six a.m. to six p.m. in order to make land for farming.  During the break from work, [we] ate rice soup cooked with the leaves of morning glory and Prech, [a kind of edible tree] leaves. We had only one meal per day. The construction site was a re-education site, where [we] had no freedom of speech at all.",
      "description": "My father-in-law, Kauv Tauch, was a civil servant (retired soldier), and my brother-in-law, Thy, was a monk in Snuol pagoda.  They confronted the village chief of Chang Hap Village, named Long, about insufficient food and exhaustion.  He ordered both of them to receive re-education for ten days. Half a month later, in Sambo District, Tauch and Thy disappeared, because they had been executed. A female unit chief named Yoeun (deceased) whispered [to me] that they both had been executed.\nMy family and I were assigned to make tile forges, five meters square. I made tile forges, but farming was a collective task. Working hours lasted from four a.m. to twelve p.m. and from one p.m. to nine p.m. Regarding rations, there was only watery rice soup and red corn.\nMil traditions, including fortunetelling, spirits, and superstitions, were eliminated. At night, when the buffalo broke the tethers and went to eat paddy rice, I was accused of being a hidden enemy. During a meeting held in 1976, a chief named Thaong stated that there were two hidden enemies (my family and I). However, because village people (Kraol and Mil) advocated for us  and begged for mercy from [the Communist (Red Khmer)], we were pardoned.\nWhile living in the village, [I] worked from six a.m. to six p.m. The 17 April people who dared to confront [the Communist (Red Khmer)] were captured and taken to a construction site at Phnom Sruoch dike (Sre Treng Village). Phnom Sruoch dike was a place where people were taken to be executed.  Village people in every village of Kbal Damrei commune who were accused of being enemies against  the party’s line were executed there.\nA large number of Mil people in the village died because they had previously served as Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers. Most Mil people who were from the working class survived, while those who rebelled were taken for re-education at the construction site or executed by being beaten to death with sticks, hoes,  and axes.\nIn 1975, I was a unit chief, in charge of ten families of the solidarity group in the village. I served as a unit chief for half a month. At that time, there was no communal dining hall."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KR0007",
    "name": "Tam Man",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mention",
    "details": {
      "title": "Religious elimination",
      "description": null
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KR0008",
    "name": "Sa Lhe Kao",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Genocide and religious elimination",
      "description": null
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KR0009",
    "name": "Matt Sahak",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khemr",
    "dob": "1953",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on October 02, 2009",
      "description": "I request the ECCC to withdraw my application form, because I am not certain when I filed the application form and I have poor living conditions (particularly with communication). Lots of people have filed the application forms before the ECCC, and this is why I want to withdraw my application form.\nThis conversation was conducted by phone by the Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam), from 08:45 p.m. to 09:00 p.m. on October 02, 2009. The interviewer is Hin Sotheany."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KR0010",
    "name": "Teh Isa",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on April 10, 2011",
      "description": "Persecution of tradition and religion\nIn early 1974, Ta Chen, a commune chief, called for all villagers who lived in Lvea Thom village (approximately twenty Cham families, including mine), to work in the rubber plantation at Krek. A commune deputy chief, I remember, was Chhin (deceased). In the beginning, they used oxcarts to take us to the Krek rubber plantation, but later they used trucks. My family, consisting of my wife, Phy Sah, and four children, also went to the Krek rubber plantation. Initially, they did not force us to eat pork because everyone ate privately. But after a short while, the Communist (Red Khmer) created a cooperative dining hall, and there was no more private possession.\nAt first, we lived in Village 55, Krek Commune, Krek District. There, they cooked pork rice soup and forced us to eat it. The cooperative chief was named Chen (deceased). In the village, there were approximately forty Cham families who had to eat collectively with the Khmers. Normally, they cooked food with pork once a week, occasionally twice a week. I cannot recall the names of any dining hall chiefs. Whenever there was food cooked with pork, the Communist (Red Khmer) sent two to three militiamen to patrol and check whether we ate the food. Most Chams ate the food because they were all exhausted, and more importantly they were afraid of being taken away and killed. We received two meals per day, and we received enough rice soup to eat per meal time.\nOur task, getting latex from rubber trees, lasted from four a.m. to four p.m. A person who lived with us and survived the regime with us was Sim Math (currently living in Rumchek Village, Rumchek Commune, Kampong Cham District). In this village, Chams were forced to eat pork. I witnessed Kry-ya (who is living with me) being forced to raise pigs by people who worked in the cooperative dining hall. Afraid of being killed, Kry-ya dared not refuse the assigned task.\nAfter living in Village 55 for about a year, twenty Chams were relocated to a nearby village named Village 18. These two villages were next to each other. During a meeting, the cooperative chief stated that we were forbidden to speak the Cham language or to worship. At that point, there were no religions, because all kinds of religious practices were prohibited. Ta Sen and Ta Met secretly tried to pray in the forest. Tragically, they both got caught and were taken for re-education and disappeared forever.\nThe Communist (Red Khmer), I think, took and killed them because they opposed the Communist (Red Khmer) principles. The true story of what happened was that Ta Chea (deceased), Khmer, saw Ta Sen and Ta Met praying in the forest and later reported this to the Communist (Red Khmer). Worse than that was the fact that the Communist (Red Khmer) did not allow Chams to speak their language. We did, however, try to talk with each other using our language. At night, there were children who came to spy on us to see whether we were using our language to speak to each other or secretly trying to pray or eat something during the nighttime. We always lived in fear.\nMen were not allowed to wear fez, and women were required to have short hair. They could not use  scarf to cover their hair. In the village, the Communist (Red Khmer) checked every house twice per week. I did not know why they checked our house. While inspecting our house, they took all the things they found, such as religious books, clocks, and gold. I witnessed the Communist (Red Khmer) hang our religious books in the bathroom and used them as toilet paper. I do not know why they did such stupid things to us.  Everything that happened during that time was under the command of the cooperative chief. I think that they received orders from the upper echelons. My family lived in that village until the Vietnamese troops came. After the Vietnamese troops arrived, we returned to our home village."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KR0011",
    "name": "Man Kry Yah",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": null,
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on October 23, 2009",
      "description": "Religious elimination and persecution of Chams\nPrior to the Communist (Red Khmer) taking power on April 17, 1975, my family and I, comprised of my parents; older brother, Karim; younger sister, Kry Yah; and myself; lived in Prek Tahop Village, Khsach Andet Commune, Chhlong District, Kratie Province. After the Communist (Red Khmer) took control of Phnom Penh (evacuation of 17 April people, Phnom Penh residents relocated to my village), the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers, whom I did not know, ordered people in the village to move out of the village, without providing us any reason behind the relocation.\nI want to clarify that people in the village were all Cham families, approximately two hundred families. At that time, the Communist (Red Khmer) took us by boat to the other side of the river, Chambakk Village, Chambakk Commune, Prek Prasop District, Kratie Province. Among the two hundred families, I observed that all were categorized into groups and assigned to live with Khmer in the Khmer village. My family and ten other Cham families were assigned to live in Chambbak Village, Chambakk Commune, Prey Prasop District, Kratie Province. I do not know why the Communist (Red Khmer) divided our people into groups and assigned us to live with Khmer. We (my family) lived in Chambakk Village until the Vietnamese liberation.\nAt that time, they put me to work in a children’s unit, my father to work in a fishing unit, my mother to work growing crops and make fishing nets, and my older brother, Karim (currently living in this village with me), to work in a mobile work brigade, without allowing him to come home at night. Those who lived together were my mother (currently living in this village with me), my younger sister, Mann Kry Yah (currently living in this village with me), and me.\nAt that time, I was about five years old. Therefore, I do not remember the name of the village chief, security police chief, or cooperative chief. I never attended meetings held by the Communist (Red Khmer), because I was too young. However, my mother informed me that the Communist (Red Khmer) (unknown) announced that Chams are prohibited from worshipping, praying, reading religious books, and speaking the Cham language.   Female Chams needed to cut their hair short. If there was food cooked with pork, we were supposed to eat it.  There was no mosque at all in the village, because it was a Khmer village.\nAfter the evacuation took place, the collective eating began. Everyday, the Communist (Red Khmer) made rice soup for all people in the village. Whenever there was food cooked with pork, two or three Communist (Red Khmer) security police (whom I did not know) spied on our group to observe whether or not we ate the food.  Fearing execution, most Cham people ate the pork food when they were under observation. Those who did not eat pork were taken for re-education, particularly during nighttime.\nIn fact, an elderly man named Ly (deceased) was taken for re-education by (unknown) security police, because he did not eat pork. Fortunately, he was able to return. Forcing Chams to eat pork continued for the entire three years.\nDuring that time, a unit chief in the village (whose name I do not recall) forced an elderly woman named Chao (currently living in the same village) to raise pigs. Chao had no choice and she needed to force herself to raise the pigs, though it was against her religion. Three or four other Cham families (whose names I do not recall) were also forced to raise pigs. I noticed that the women in the village had to cut their hair short, particularly Cham women.  They were not allowed to tie their hair or cover their head with Kramar [a traditional Cambodian scarf.] However, when working, they were allowed to cover their neck with Kramar.\nLater, an elderly man named Ly was taken for re-education because he refused to eat pork and prayed secretly.  No Chams dared to worship. Moreover, we could not speak our language, because they banned us from doing so. If they knew, they would take us for re-education.\nDuring the regime, some Chams (whose names [I] forget) died from disease, starvation, and lack of medical treatment. We could not hold our religious ceremonies, because they did not allow us to do so. The dead bodies were not covered with any cloth at all when buried.\nThe marriage ceremony was not celebrated based on our tradition; the Communist (Red Khmer) arranged marriages for people. Under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, my mother informed me that sometimes, the Communist (Red Khmer) forced Chams to marry Chams, while sometimes Chams had to marry Khmer. During the ceremony, no one dared to reject their arranged husband or wife. I believe leaders in the upper echelons implemented the principle of eliminating religion and forcing Chams to raise pigs and eat pork. People who endured the most suffering during the regime and witnessed these incidents are Y Vae, my mother: Sin Man, my father: Man Karim, my older brother: Man Kryyah, my younger sister: and an elderly man named Ta Na, a neighbor.\nCollective eating emerged after the evacuation took place.\nAdditional information collected on March 22,  2010\nI am Man Kry Yah, female, currently living in Prek Tahop Village, Khsach Andet Commune, Chllong District, Kratie Province. During the Republican regime, I was young and when the Communist (Red Khmer) came to power, I was five years old. Therefore, I learned most of the story about what happened to my family from my mother. In (unknown) year, the Communist (Red Khmer) evacuated my family and all other people who lived in Preak Tahop to Chambakk Village, Tamao Commune, Chhlong District, Kratie Province. They warned us not to bring any belongings or rice, just the clothes we were wearing.\nUpon our arrival in the [assigned] village, my family consisted of six family members. My father was put to work in a fishing unit, far away from the village. My older brother was separated from us and assigned to carry soil in the fields, far away from our house. My mother confronted a cooperative chief (whose name cannot be recalled) and begged him to allow my brother to study. The Communist (Red Khmer) warned her that [she wanted] to die, because she wanted her child to study. As a result, my mother feared that my brother would be made to work somewhere far away from home. Sometimes, people who worked in her mobile work brigade forced her to eat pork.\nTa Ly, a Cham who lived in the village, prayed secretly; however, the Communist (Red Khmer) security police found out, captured him and took him for re-education. I do not remember the year when he was arrested. During a cooperative meeting, the Communist (Red Khmer) announced that all Chams were prohibited from praying, and those who did not follow the order would be executed. Therefore, my family dared not worship.\nAt six p.m. one night, during year (which I do not remember), the Communist (Red Khmer) security police captured Sam, an elderly man, and Y, an elderly woman, who were both unable to work due to their old age.  The police pushed them down from the house and dragged them to the boat, along with my aunt, Ty, and her son, Ma Sa, two years old, who were from Svay Khleang.  They were all executed at Koh Phal. I learned of this incident from her younger brother, Y Hing.\nMy mother informed me that the Communist (Red Khmer) discriminated against Chams who lived in my cooperative by forcing them to eat pork, prohibiting them from praying, and restricting them from worshipping."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KR0012",
    "name": "Sann Lanin",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Prek Tahop village, Ksach Andet commune, Chhlong district, Kratie province",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KR0013",
    "name": "Khly Matt",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19641115",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Repairing dam",
    "details": {
      "title": "In Kanh Chhor Village, Kanh Chhor Commune, Chhlong District, Kratie Province, there was a prison which belonged to the district and region. Thousands of people were imprisoned there, and I witnessed prisoners being ill-treated and tortured. My father and other village people were detained there and they later survived the regime. The perpetrators have also survived.",
      "description": "If [you] want to know more details than the information mentioned above, [you] can ask either the prisoners who have survived or the perpetrators who have survived and are still living. I witnessed the torture, killing, threats, starvation, overwork, digging of the soil and canals, and building dikes, etc.\nIn late 1974, Sim Slaimann, a person who maintained the list of people under arrest, called upon my father and other village people and ordered them to walk the arrested people to the prison. (Sim Slaimann currently serves as the First Secretary of Prek Samann Commune, and Mann Raloh currently serves as a chief of Chheu Teal Phluos Village.)\nMore than a year later, between 1975 and 1976, village people were evacuated from one village to another.\nThe  victims at the time were: 1) Sim Ysa, 2) Le Tuloh,  an elderly clerk named Tae Ly, and other people who are currently living in Chheu Teal Phluos Village, Preak Samann Commune, Chhlong District, Kratie Province."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0001",
    "name": "Thai Eang",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School and Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "A Communist (Red Khmer) security police named Ut arrested my father, Khaol Thai, in our home and brought him to be killed in Chey Mas village, Chey commune, Prasat Sambo district. This incident took place during the dry season of 1975. My father was killed because he was a former Republican soldier. Though he initially served for the Communist (Red Khmer), he defected to Republican forces after struggling to survive in forest and suffering from a lack of food. When the Communist (Red Khmer) regime finally took control of the whole country, he returned to his home village from Kampong Thom provincial town. Shortly after arriving home, he was arrested and killed. At the time, I was young and did not witness the incident. Say and Iet were also arrested on the day of my father’s arrest.\nThough my father perished, none of my siblings died under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime. My father was arrested at our house, located in Trapeang Thma village, Salavisay commune, Prasat Balang district. Hiv, who lived next door throughout Democratic Kampuchea, witnessed the incident because Communist (Red Khmer) security police arrested his father at the same time. The arrest took place at approximately ten p.m. Say, Iet, and my father were tied up and walked away by Communist (Red Khmer) security police."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0002",
    "name": "Say Phorn",
    "gender": null,
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19650621",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing of my father",
      "description": "Three months after April 17, 1975, my father, Meas Say, approximately thirty nine years old, was arrested by an unknown security police at eight p.m. This incident took place when Pech, a village chief, called upon my father to attend a meeting held near our house, located in Khvakk village, Salavisay commune, Prasat Balangkdistrict, Kampong Thom province.\nAside from my father, all the villagers who attended the meeting returned home. One villager told me that security police had arrested and killed [my father]. At about ten p.m., seeing my mother crying, I asked her, “Mother! Why are you crying?� She replied, “Your father has been taken to be killed.� About five days later, the villagers grew aware that approximately one hundred people had been killed in a single mass grave. After the Vietnamese troops came to liberate the country, I learned that my adopted father, my father’s closest friend, had met my father when he was about to be killed in Chma Mas village, Sambourur commune, Prsat Sambourur district.\nMy father, forced to enlist in the army by Republican soldiers, was killed when he returned home. I know neither who killed him nor how he was killed, except that he might have been hit on the back of his neck with a stick. Four or five days after the incident took place, my adopted father saw my father’s body and the wooden stick covered with blood."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0003",
    "name": "Eat Hiv",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19650210",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "In late 1975, a village chief named Sun came to arrest my father, Chieb Eat. The chief said that my father was a Republican soldier who used to bring other [Republican] soldiers to attack his forces. This incident took place in Khmakk village, Salavisay commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province. When the chief arrested my father, he just told him to go to work. However, after this incident, my father disappeared forever. During this time, Sun ordered a garrison named York to arrest, mistreat, and starve my father until he became malnourished. My father was subsequently executed.\nLike my father, my two uncles, Chieb Lao and Chieb Uch, were arrested and killed under Sun’s orders. They were both accused of being Republican traitors. At this point, my father and uncles were taken to be killed in Chom Mas village, Sambour commune, Sambour district, Kampong Thom province."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0004",
    "name": "Chiep Ean",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Genocide education",
    "details": {
      "title": "Detention",
      "description": "Approximately three or four months after the liberation of Phnom Penh city, I was imprisoned in Chy Nith village, Chy Nith commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province. District militants and “base� people came to arrest me. I remember that Pheap, a female base comrade, was one of the people who received orders from the cooperative level to come arrest me. I did not recognize the other district militants who accompanied her. At the time of the arrest, I was living in Khmakk Chas village, Salavisay commune, Prasat Balangkdistrict, Kampong Thom province. The Communist (Red Khmer) security police accused me of being involved in a traitorous network, because my three brothers, Chieb Lao, Chieb Eat, and Chieb Uch, were former Republican soldiers.\nNinety-five days after being detained, I was released. I have no idea why they released me. They interrogated me three to five times a month, asking me over and over again about the supposed traitorous network and the number of times I met up with my brothers. I had neither met up with my brothers nor been involved in a traitorous network. They beat me with a stick and sometimes even strangled my neck using string. This torture caused me pain and suffering to the point that I could not do heavy work. During the detention, I met lots of other prisoners: possibly up to one thousand fellow detainees. Three other people, Saing, Kuon, and Kien (deceased), were released together with me. Saing and Kuon are my siblings and currently live in Etkoma village, Kampongsvay commune, Kampongsvay district, Kampong Thom."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0005",
    "name": "Sann Ly",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer (commune council)",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "In 1975, five Communist (Red Khmer) guards came to arrest my brother, Sann Lay, and took him to be killed west of Kon Thnaot village. These security guards were (1) Pol (dead), (2) Cheah, (3) Hean, currently living in Salavisay village, Salavisay commune, Prasat Balangkdistrict, and (4) Yakk, currently living in Pailin but native to Salavisay, and (5) unknown. Accusing my brother of being a Republican soldier, they arrested him in Khmakk village, Salavisay commune, Kampong Svay district. In addition to arresting my brother, the Communist (Red Khmer) district guards in Kampong Svay district came to arrest my brothers-in-law and two uncles of mine: (1) Khaol Thai, brother-in-law; (2) Meas Say, brother-in-law; (3) Chieb Lao, uncle; and (4) Chieb At, uncle.\nAccused of being Republican soldiers or American CIA agents, they were later executed in Chramas village, Sambour commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province. In addition to my family’s arrests, I also witnessed Communist (Red Khmer) guards arresting seven people who lived in my village and killing them in Salavisay pagoda. I knew only two of them:\n1.\tMach and one daughter.\n2.\tTha and one daughter.\nThose arrested and killed were all accused of being Republican soldiers’ wives."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0006",
    "name": "Lao Leat",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19560512",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "psychiatric hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "A month after the Communist (Red Khmer) took over the country on April 17, 1975, a security police named Ut came to arrest my father and brought him to a security centre located in Chramas village, Prasat Sambour district. Ut accused my father of being a Republican soldier. At this point, my younger sibling informed me that our father had disappeared, supposedly taken to be re-educated. Prior to his arrest, my father told my mother to look after the children. My mother expected Communist (Red Khmer) security police to arrest and kill my father. After being informed of my father’s arrest, I traveled to the security centre in Chramas village. Speaking with a guard at the centre, I told him details about my father’s appearance and asked him about my father. He told me that my father had been taken to be killed."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0007",
    "name": "Lea  Moek",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19400706",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Prey Torting security center",
      "description": "In the dry season of 1977, I was detained for seven days at Prey Torting security center, located to the east of Skun in Kampong Cham province. Detained at the security center with me were Phan from Takeo province, Thaong Hy, living in Trapeang Thmor village, Thiem, the economic chief of Salavisay commune who passed away in Morha village, Cheay commune, Kampong Svay district, and two more people whose names I forget, but who live in Mahor village, Kampong Svay district.\nAfter Noeu, a chief of Prey Torting security center, witnessed my group transporting fifteen kilograms of dried fish and palm sugar on our bicycles, he called for us to stop and asked for four or five dried fish. When Thiem, my unit chief, refused to give him the dried fish, Noeu did not allow us to leave and then detained us at Prey Torting security centre. During the detention, I was allowed to go and scavenge for large red ants to feed my seven group members, as there was nothing to eat. Afraid that I would escape, two security police followed me the entire time. Thiem, a chief of an economic unit, and Phan, a deputy chief of an economic unit, told me that Noeu had written to a regional chief of Kampong Thom province and asked him about my background. Seven days later, I was released along with all of the members of the Salavisay commune economic unit. At this point, Thiem gave Noeu four or five dried fish. Though I was provisionally detained at the security centre, I was not handcuffed or shackled. Prior to the detention, I had carried dried fish from Salavisay commune to Peam Chykang district in order to exchange the fish for tobacco."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0008",
    "name": "Y An",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "In late 1975 and early 1976, after being ordered to attend a meeting held in an unknown place, my uncles, Chieb Iet and Chieb Lao, 17 April people, were taken to be killed in Chanmah village, unknown commune, Prasat Sambour district, Kampong Thom province. The people who came to arrest them were security police who worked in Thmakk village, Salavisay commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province. My uncles were killed because of accusations that they were 17 April people and Republican soldiers. The identities of the security police who came to arrest my uncles remain unknown to me."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0009",
    "name": "Thaong Huot",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19530113",
    "job": "Village chief",
    "reparation": "Road and School",
    "details": {
      "title": "Malnutrition",
      "description": "In 1976, while living in Khmakk village, Chey commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province, food was scarcer than ever; one can of rice was served for five people. Everyone ate collectively and had only a miniscule amount of watery rice soup for sustenance. We received two meals per day. One unit chief who gave us rations was Khal Run (deceased). I think that the ration portions were based on orders from superiors. Though the harvest was good, there was still not enough food. I used to ask the unit chief where all the rice was taken. In response, he told me the rice was brought to Angkar. In approximately late 1976, I secretly asked a soldier why village people did not receive enough rice and where the trucks took the rice. This soldier, whose name I cannot remember, told me the rice was exchanged for weapons from China. The soldier also told me not to ask this question again, because I might be killed as a result. I cannot recall which people lived with me at this time and also suffered from malnutrition."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0010",
    "name": "Ya Yon",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19560612",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "From 1975 to 1979, I lived in a cooperative located in Khmak village and worked under the supervision of a cooperative chief named Im. Im assigned me to climb twenty-five palm trees per day in order to obtain sugar for the cooperative during the period when the palm trees had flowers. After palm tree season passed, the cooperative heads occasionally assigned me to plow one hectare of rice field per morning. This was in line with the cooperative plan.\nDuring nighttime, I built rice dykes, pulled out grass, and watered the field. In addition, I was sometimes ordered to fish in Tonle Sap lake. In 1977, the cooperative chief sent me to dig canals and build small dams in Krasaing Kabel village. I was then ordered to build a dam in Ponnha Chy and dig canals in Kampong Svay district. I was subsequently forced to go back to climbing palm trees, a task that ended when Vietnamese troops came to liberate the country."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0012",
    "name": "Kroeng Choeun",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "From 1976 to 1977, many people (including myself) were ordered to transplant one hundred and fifty rice seedlings per day. We worked from seven or eight a.m. to eleven a.m., at which point we ate rice soup. After a half an hour break, we went back to the paddy field and continued to work from eleven thirty a.m. to six p.m. In terms of transplanting rice seedlings, each group of two was supposed to transplant rice seedlings for an area of thirty square meters. If a group did not finish the assigned task, they were not allowed to eat.\nAfter transplanting rice seedlings, I was ordered to grow tapioca and build rice dykes, during which period I carried two square meters of soil four times a day. I worked in a female vanguard mobile work brigade in Lvea village, Kampong Chenkhangtbaung commune, Stung district, Kampong Thom province. Ngouen Neary, a woman who came from the southwest zone, supervised my mobile work brigade. I do not know who her superiors were. I also do not know why they assigned the mobile work brigade to build dams and rice dykes. I am not aware of any other activities that occurred under the regime. I did not participate in building the 30 September dam."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0013",
    "name": "Kay Noeun",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Torture",
      "description": "In late 1976, Te, a cooperative chief, and Patt and Chheum, security police of the Damreislap commune, arrested and brutally tortured my uncle. He was beaten and kicked and his hands were tied up behind his back. He was then dragged against the direction of water currents before being taken to be executed at La-akk, located in Voryav village, Damrei Slap commune. He was accused of stealing rice that belonged to the cooperative, though he did not actually steal this rice. I saw this incident with my own eyes."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0014",
    "name": "Ping Yann",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19490909",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "In 1978, a village chief named Khon instructed my husband, Long Choeng, to go into the forest and cut down trees for wood, which was used to build a cooperative. At the time, my husband lived in Vorl village, Damei Slap commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province. About half a month [later], my cousin, Siek, came to my house, at which point I asked him where my husband was. Siek told me that Khon had killed my husband. After Khon accused my husband of stealing rice, he beat my husband to death in Khnay forest, located in an unknown village and commune of Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0015",
    "name": "Chheng Yeng",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "In 1976, Kung, a village chief, called upon my uncle, Lak Ieng, and his wife, Saom Mao, to go to the west of Baray village, Kraya commune, Stung district, Kampong Thom province. They were killed there because of accusations that they had stolen rice from a cooperative. I learned of the incident from my mother, though she has since passed away."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0016",
    "name": "Ly Koeun",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "Between 1976 and 1977, after the Pol Pot-led Communist (Red Khmer) came to power in 1975, I endured extreme difficulties after my husband was forcibly enlisted as a soldier. Even though I was three months pregnant, commune leaders still forced me to perform heavy tasks such as carrying Deidambok, a kind of land, and cutting Angtreangkhet trees to make fertilizer. Seven months after I gave birth, Choun, a male Preah Damrei commune chief who came from the east zone, summoned me to work in a female mobile work brigade. While in this brigade, I transplanted rice seedlings in Preah Damrei commune.\nAccording to the commune plan, we were supposed to transplant four Plaun [two hundred rice seedlings] of rice seedlings per day, working from four a.m. to five or six p.m. If we could not complete this task on time, they forced us to continue working in the paddy field.  Later on, Ta Choun, a commune chief, transferred me to work on the 30 September dam. We had to carry two cubic meters of soil per day; they otherwise took us away, though I do not know where people were taken. There was much pain and suffering throughout both day and night. They ordered us to protect and guard the dam at night. During daytime, we carried soil from the pool to the top of the dam.\nIt took three months to finish constructing the 30 September dam. After work on the 30 September dam was completed in late 1978,  Angkar replaced Ta Choun, a commune chief, with a new commune chief named Soeng, who came from the southwest zone. After five months as a commune chief, Soeng was pulled out in 1978 and replaced by Uch, who also came from the southwest zone.\nThe 30 September dam was located in Kantol Thmei village, Duong commune, Prasat Balangkdistrict, Kampong Thom province. I have no idea why the 30 September dam was constructed.  I am not really sure about other things that occurred under the regime."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0017",
    "name": "Tuy Hon",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19551009",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Loss",
      "description": "In 1977, Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers (none of whom I could identify) arrested and took my older sibling to Prey Bralech village, Kampong Thom province. Upon my arrival in Kampong Thom, I was told that my sibling had been detained in a detention center because of an allegation that he was part of the Yuons’ network.\nPrior to his arrest, he served as a medical staff member. At one point, his chief ordered him to collect and burn rubbish. When two to three thickets of sugarcane were accidentally burned in a fire, he was accused of being a traitor involved with the Yuons’ network, for which purpose he had burned the sugarcane. Since this incident took place, I have not seen him."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0018",
    "name": "Kay Leam",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19600708",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "In the rainy season of 1975, Uch, a cooperative chief of Voryav village, forced me to work in the Snay Dei construction site. Though I of course did not want to work there, I had no choice but to accept the assignment. When I arrived at the Snay Dei construction site, Ta Sok, a    village mobile work brigade chief who came from Takeo province, assigned me to perform several tasks, such as digging soil, cutting down forests during the rainy season, and carrying soil at the construction site. In terms of the assigned tasks, people were divided into groups of three and each person carried one cubic meter of earth per day. As I was unable to carry one cubic meter of earth per day, Siev, a unit chief, said, “If [you] cannot finish carrying one cubic meter of earth, one more cubic meter of earth will be added to your assigned task. If [you] cannot not do that, [you] will be taken to the detention center in Snay Dei village.�\nUnable to complete Siev’s assigned task, I was ordered to cut down trees in the forest as part of my detention. While I was cutting down trees in the forest, two unknown security police guarded me. Cutting down trees in the forest of Snay Dei village was task that had to be completed urgently. For three days, Ly and I worked on the assigned task in an area fifty meters in length and twenty meters in width. After cutting down the forest, I was transferred back to carrying the earth. Among the many construction sites within the 30 September dam, I was assigned to construction site number two, where I worked for two years. While building the dam, I worked from five a.m. to twelve p.m. After eating rice soup, [I] worked from one p.m. to six p.m. Then [we] ate rice soup again."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0019",
    "name": "Pal Khun",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19571026",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "In late 1978, Pech was taken to be killed somewhere near a pond in a field, located one kilometer from Samrang village, Damrei Slap commune. I did not witness his death, but a villager who threshed rice with me (whose name I forget) told me about the incident. At the time, I had threshed rice with Pech, a man deported from the east zone and separated from his family. One evening, Pin, a chief who took charge of Chres village, called upon Pech, though I do not know who ordered him to do so.\nDuring the meeting, Pech said, “Do not talk about anything or anyone. Be careful about C.I.A people with Yuon heads and Khmer bodies.� I do not know why Pech was killed. People saw his body being dragged in an area to the south of Samrang village.\nIn 1976, my uncle, Samet, was detained at a security center in Mepech village because he committed a moral offense with Yey Tum in Kdey Cha village, Damrei Slap commune. They found out that my uncle and Yey Tum had committed this moral offense when Yey Tum became pregnant. My uncle was interrogated during his detention at Mepech security center. I knew that people who committed moral offenses were taken to Mepech security center. Same, Samet’s brother, told me about the death of Samet. I do not know how Samet was executed or who killed him. Later on, Ta Kann, Samet’s father, was also detained and killed at Mepech security center. I do not know why they killed people or who was killed at Mepech because I lived far from the security center."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0021",
    "name": "Chen Ming",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Statue",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "The majority of new people evacuated to Voll Year village were taken to be killed in Khnorngsrang village, Kandol commune, Stung district. These killings resulted from their connections with Republican. The killing took place in 1977. I do not know which cadres arrested these new people because the cadres came from other places. At one point, it took the cadres three to four days to arrest five to six people.\nPrisoners were tied up with string and walked to the killing place in Khnongsrang village. I witnessed the arrest and escort; the prisoners were taken away at dusk. I saw five to six prisoners being walked out every three to four days, which terrified me."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0022",
    "name": "Hang Yim",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19490706",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "The imprisonment of my brother, Hang Huon, in Tuol Sleng",
      "description": "About a year after the liberation of Phnom Penh city, I lost two brothers, Hang Huon and Hang Sambath. An unknown security police came to order my brothers to guard the banana farm. At first, the security police called upon my brother, Hang Huon, to guard the banana farm. The next day, however, he came to order another brother, Hang Sambath, to guard the banana farm as well.\nThey have been missing ever since. At the time, I lived in Boeng Khangchoeng village, Boeng commune, Baray district, Kampong Thom province. Having witnessed the incident with my own eyes, I was aware that the security police came to call my brothers at night. About three years ago, I was invited to visit Tuol Sleng, Boenchaeng Ek, and the Communist (Red Khmer) Tribunal. In Tuol Sleng, I saw a photo of my brother, Hang Huon, but not one of Hang Sambath.\nI still do not understand why my brothers were detained in Tuol Sleng. When the security police came to give them his orders, only my mother and I witnessed the incident. My mother, however, has already passed away. During the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, about a year before 1975, I am certain that my brother, Hang Huon, had been ordained as a monk and then forcibly disrobed by the Communist (Red Khmer)."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0023",
    "name": "Tao Cham",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19670312",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Torture",
      "description": "In 1978, because I was starving, I snuck away to steal about half a can of rice. Ta Te, a village chief, caught up with me and wanted to kill me. Te put a bucket over my head and said that I would have to meet the next day with a unit chief I did not know. He found out I was stripping off rice grain in Vollyeavvillage, Damrei Slap commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province. When he witnessed this incident, he insulted me and said I was a traitor, a Yuon or C.I.A agent, who was sneaking to steal rice.\nAt this time, instead of going to meet the unit chief, I escaped to the forest behind my house and hid there for three nights. They stopped searching for me only when my father went to beg them to release me. Upon my arrival home, because I could not do anything, there was not enough food to eat. As I had committed many wrongs, my father told me that he could help me only for a limited period of time.\nIf I committed wrongs again, I would be killed. At the time, I pretended that I was insane, tearing off my clothes and walking around naked. Even though I was given trousers, I threw them away and still walked around naked. I behaved this way because I was afraid of being taken away to be killed. Though my father actually grew aware that I was only pretending to be insane, he still told everyone I was insane. This faked insanity took place in Vollyeav village, Damrei Slap commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0024",
    "name": "Nuon Chhiv",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "In the sixth month of the lunar year calendar of 1975, my younger brother, Nuon Ren, was arrested in Po village, Preah Damrei commune, Stung district, Kampong Thom province. He was accused of being part of a Republican soldiers’ network. He was arrested at home, his hands were tied up behind his back and he was walked to Prey Treal, Tum Pech commune, Stung district, Kampong Thom province. After taking my brother away, they relocated my parents to Kriem village, Sa Kries commune, Stung district, Kampong Thom province.\nLater on, they came to arrest another brother of mine, Nuon Saom. After arresting Saom, they came to arrest his wife and detained her in the detention center at Prey Teal. They next made our village become a base where a secret meeting was held in order to watch the villagers. One cooperative chief was Yim, while one of the chiefs of Preah Damrei commune was Sun Taing, a person who ordered Yin Tun to arrest my brothers. Five days after the first arrest in Po village, Preah Damrei commune, Stung, Kampong Thom, my brother defected home. Yin Tun then came to arrest him a second time. His hands were tied up tightly and he was badly beaten. He shouted, asking me to help him, but I could do nothing.\nThey then walked him past Prasat village, Preah Damrei commune, Stung district, Kampong Thom province. When he arrived at a security centre in Prasat village, Preah Damrei commune, Stung district, Kampong Thom province (never reaching the security centre in Prey Chhaeteal village), he was killed by Lim Lan, a security chief in Prasat village. Forced to kneel down in front of a pit with his hands tied up behind his back, he was hit on the back of his neck with a bamboo stick and buried in the pit immediately. I learned of this incident from my sister-in-law, Him Suon, Chuon Saom’s wife, because she found out about it while being detained in Prasat village. Lim Lan then released her and let her come back home. I was in pain when I became aware of the incident. However, there was nothing I could do to stop the pain; there was only suffering for me."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0025",
    "name": "Chhum Yan",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19480613",
    "job": "the second [commune] council",
    "reparation": "Stupa",
    "details": {
      "title": "Being forced to enlist as a Communist (Red Khmer) soldier",
      "description": "In 1973, a village chief called upon me to attend a meeting with other villagers in the commune. During this time, approximately one hundred men there were supposed to enlist as soldiers. The base Communist (Red Khmer) leaders said, “Be awake in order to struggle with the Yuon enemy, don’t let them take our land. All the Khmer children stand up!� Female leaders at the base, village and commune were established as responsible for farming and looking after the wives and children of those who served as soldiers.\nI myself did not want to enlist as a soldier at all, especially because I did not want to be away from my wife and one-year-old child. However, I could not escape [the draft.] A village chief named Koy Hem (deceased) accused me of being a CIA or KGB agent and threatened me. He said that I would be killed if I did not enlist as a soldier.  I learned military tactics in Taing Krasao village, commune (?), probably Bakan district (I am not certain). Because Republican’s secret agents were following us, we changed training places often. A month and a half after this training, I went directly to the front lines in order to learn about real fighting from soldiers.\nBetween 1973 and 1975, I fought with Republican soldiers in Kampong Chhnang. Later on, in 1976, I went to Kampong Cham, even further away from my family. A squad chief had twelve members in his unit and a platoon chief thirty-six members. There were five companies, totaling five hundred people. A zone chief named Pauk ordered all people (division chief, brigade chief, till platoon chief) to do farming in Prey Chhor district, Kampong Cham province, located somewhere near Phnom Pros Phnom Srey mountain.\nThen [we] had to move from village to village for a year, helping villagers transplant their rice seedlings in cooperatives. A year later, in 1977, Pauk, a zone chief, ordered division chief Van, who came from the southwest, to take charge of the central zone. He also transferred five hundred soldiers to the east zone, along the Khmer-Vietnamese border. While there, I fought against Vietnamese soldiers at Krek and Memot. As we were outnumbered, we lost the fight and most of our soldiers lost their lives. We were unable to bring the dead back.\nAt the time, afraid of death and concerned about my wife and child, I had no desire to serve as a soldier whose bones would be left in another district. Sometimes, when tanks chased and tried to crush us, the division or platoon chief summoned us to go to the battlefield. Those who dared to confront them would be killed. Fortunately, as I was older than other people in my group, Van, a division chief, selected me to work in the economic section, transporting rice and other food supplies for soldiers fighting on the front lines. This is why I did not participate in the bloodiest fights with Vietnamese soldiers.\nWorking in the economic section did not exhaust me at all; I was responsible for transporting food supplies and equipment to Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers. When the Vietnamese invaded our country, I escaped to find my wife and child. Ten days [later], the Vietnamese arrived. When the Vietnamese soldiers came, my left leg was wounded in a mine blast. I was unable to walk and twice went to stay in Chrey Chanva hospital. This was why I could defect home.\nWhile serving as a soldier in 1976, I saw approximately one hundred dead bodies, people who came from Siem Reap, lying in a well at the airport next to Phnom Pros Phnom Srey mountain. I think that the local authorities, consisting of guards and soldiers, had probably killed all these people in one day. People were put into one or two trucks and taken to be killed once a week. I twice saw the corpses of people killed by guards and also heard people crying and asking for mercy (not to be killed) at around one or two a.m. I do not know who the guards were, nor was I aware of the real reasons that these people were killed. They probably had committed wrongdoings and been accused of being Yuon, CIA, or KGB agents. I know that the district guards were responsible for the killings, but I do not know their names because this place was far away from mine. Since the place where this incident occurred was a banned area, I snuck to take a look around the location when the guards went to eat their meals."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0027",
    "name": "Ying Hai",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19560917",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road, School, or Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "In 1976, while working at Banchaechy dam, I saw people taken out of the group almost every day.\nAt the time, Chet told these people that Angkar requested to meet with them; they then disappeared forever. Five members of my group, Mith, Saom, Hong, Vann, and Den, were called as well and disappeared forever. Thaong, a commune chief, held a meeting and mentioned that Yuon, CIA, and KGB agents as well as those involved in traitorous networks had be to killed. Chet told those who did not work fast that they wanted to go with the traitors."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0028",
    "name": "Saom San",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Arrest and killing",
      "description": "In the dry season of 1978, I witnessed a family of rubber plantation workers being arrested by Communist (Red Khmer) combatants who came from the region. The breadwinner of this family was Va. I do not know why the arrest took place. The arrest took place during both daytime and nighttime; Va was arrested during the day, while his family was arrested at night. I wondered where Va had been taken. I only know that he was loaded into a car and taken away. Va was arrested in his home, located in village 2, Chamkar Andaung commune, Chamkar Leu district.\nIn addition to Va, many other people also disappeared under the regime. [For instance], I can recall the case of a person named Ta Phly, a rubber plantation worker. He was probably arrested because he had Vietnamese blood. The combatants who guarded the rubber plantation farm arrested Ta Phly in 1978. In terms of the order to arrest rubber plantation workers, I do not know who ordered the combatants to do so.\nIn addition to the two people mentioned above, other workers were also arrested, though I did not witness these incidents. I sometimes learned of the arrests from other workers who spoke of them while working. I was terrified because my parents were city dwellers, Phnom Penhers.  Despite this, I survived because I finished and followed the assigned tasks."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0029",
    "name": null,
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": null,
    "dob": null,
    "job": null,
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0030",
    "name": null,
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": null,
    "dob": null,
    "job": null,
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0031",
    "name": null,
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": null,
    "dob": null,
    "job": null,
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0032",
    "name": "Se Hoeun",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Running back to my house in Mankolsla village, Damrei Slap district, I was arrested in an old village located next to Mankolsla village by a security police named Toeun. After being tricked by a base cadre named Ban, who called upon me to attend a meeting held two hundred meters from my house, I was arrested and sent to a security center in Mongkolsela village. Though I was not beaten, I was detained and starved for two days. I did not see many other prisoners detained there.",
      "description": "I became aware that some inmates had been sent to another prison when they were accused of being involved in traitorous actions against Angkar. I was detained at the security center in 1976 because I escaped from home without asking for permission. Prior to my arrest, I worked on building the 30 September dam. Two days after my detention, I was released. Angkar then sent me back to build the 30 September dam. At this time, Chhouy was also released.\nIn 1976, Angkar arrested Long Dien, who lived with me, because they accused him of destroying  Angkar’s property. Dien killed a buffalo in Mongkolsla village, and the Ankgar found out about this incident. Dien was arrested in the afternoon, put into a cart, driven out of the village and taken to the forest behind the village. I learned from villagers that he was killed on that same day. Everyone was aware of this incident. After 1979, Dien’s sibling went to dig up his body in order to hold a religious ceremony for his soul. Ta Ko, a construction site chief in Damrei Slap commune, ordered Dien’s arrest. Whenever he received orders from higher levels, he summoned security police chiefs to successfully carry out the orders."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0033",
    "name": "Born Phon",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "In late 1977, I saw a male security police named Kan come to call upon my two uncles, Phoeun and Dim, and take them to be killed at Sra Nge pagoda. The security police said that  Angkar had ordered them to attend a meeting in Taream pagoda. Additionally, my male friend, Neang, and five other people, including his mother and siblings, were taken away at 4 pm and killed in Sra Ngai pagoda. They were accused of being former Republican civil servants. Korn, a security police in Tbeng commune, Kampong Svay district came to call them. He took them away for re-education.\nI watched this incident take place up until these people were killed behind Srange pagoda. During the killings, his mother and his sister, Chha, insulted (the executioners), saying, “ You motherfucker, don’t kill my younger sibling first, kill me first.\"\n“You motherfucker, don’t kill my children first, kill me first,� his mother insulted them. In response, an executioner named Iet shouted, “you will be killed later.� After witnessing the deaths of my friend and his family, six people in total, I went back home. Five or six days after the incident took place, I went to work in Boeng Andeng village, Tbeng commune. Upon my arrival home, at approximately five p.m., I saw three executioners — (1) Iet, (2) Sakk, and (3) Mieng — taking (walking away) approximately twenty five to thirty people to be killed in the rear of Srange pagoda, next to an oxcart road. The people killed were men, women, and children. They were killed with a bamboo stick and hoe. Those who witnessed the incident are (1) Chol, female, who lives in Taream village; (2) Lay Nam, female, who lives in Taream village; and (3) Yay Nam, female, who lives in Taream village. The victims were people deported from the east zone."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0034",
    "name": "Yean Onn",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Starvation",
      "description": "In 1976, one year after the Pol Pot regime came to power, they created a collective dining hall. They then took household equipment, including pans, plates, spoons, and any other household implements, from every home and brought it to the dining hall. At the beginning, they gave us rice to eat. Later on, like other people living in the village at that time, I was supposed to eat gruel. One can of rice with morning glory soup and a little salt and Prahok inside was served for seven people. They only gave us one plate of gruel, which was really watery.\nIf we decanted the gruel, we would get only a handful of rice. The collective dining hall was located in La-ak village, Dareislap commune, Kampong Thom district, Kampong Thom province, also known as Monkol Sna village. One person who took control over the cooperative was Ngin Rieb, a man native to Kun village. I do not know why the collective dining was instituted. I do not know about any other things that occurred under the regime."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0035",
    "name": "Yean Oeun",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19540804",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "The death of my brother",
      "description": "In 1976, five village guards, people I did not know, arrested Yan Chhorn, my older brother (in his 40s). The arrest took place in Monkul Sla village, Damrei Slap at six p.m. At three a.m., after being informed by my parents and fellow village workers about the incident, I went to Ta Phos village, Samaky commune, Prasat Balangkdistrict. From six p.m. to three a.m., in an attempt to find out how the guards were treating my brother, I walked from Monkulsla village to Taphos village. Upon my arrival, I saw guards in a forest blindfold my brother with a scarf and beat him all over his body with a stick. After witnessing this incident, I went back because I was afraid that the guards would kill our family. When my brother, Yan Chhorn, was arrested, another brother, Yan Hun, was also arrested but later released because the guards said that he had only committed a minor offense. His minor offense was a moral offense: speaking with girls.\nMy brother Chhorn, however, was not released because he had committed a serious offense; he was accused of being a Republican soldier. In 1974, Republican soldiers evacuated people who lived in my village and commune to Kampong Thom provincial capital town. Chhorn enlisted as a Republican soldier and, when he returned, was arrested and killed by the Communist (Red Khmer) guards. I did not see who killed my brother nor was I aware of where he was killed, though I heard that the killing took place in Tachol village. I do not know who was responsible for the killing."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0036",
    "name": "Phuon Chea",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19690101",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "At one point, a commune security police named Tho came to arrest all of Kay’s family, accusing them of being part of the Yuon network and having Yuon blood. The family was brought to a high school center in Prasat village, Chamna Lae commune, Stung district. Everyone was killed except for Kay’s son Sin, who worked at the site collecting cow dung. At this time, Kay’s son was probably thirteen years old. Tho, however, still came to arrest him. Kay’s son begged Tho not to kill him because the rest of his family had been killed already. “And leave me,� he said.  Tho told him, “I will harm you and just eat the rice.� Then Tho took him to Kloy village, Chamna Lae commune, Stung district, Kampong province and killed him there. This incident probably took place in 1976.\nA security police chief, Tho, accused Kan of committing moral offenses with new people. Tho, the security police chief, tied Kan up, walked him to the pit, ordered him to dig his own pit, and then killed him with a bamboo stick. During an evening meeting, Tho said that everyone who committed moral offenses would be taken to be killed at Prasat village, Chamna Lae commune, Stung district, Kampong Thom province. This event took place around 1976."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0037",
    "name": "Kann Thy",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19520110",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Between 1975 and 1979, a mobile work brigade chief named Siev, a woman who received orders from a commune chief named Sok, assigned me to do many tasks, including plowing paddy fields, carrying earth, digging up potatoes, collecting human waste, pulling out rice seedling, harvesting and threshing rice, digging canals, building the 30 September dam, and plowing the rice field. Most of the time, I carried soil at the 30 September dam and plowed the rice field. I remember that in 1977, I witnessed a female and male mobile work brigade, consisting of approximately 30 people, building the fundamental construction site (10 meters in depth) at construction site one, located in Kandol village, Rong Roeung commune, Prasat Balaing district, Kampong Thom province. I saw them all die in a landslide.",
      "description": "After witnessing this incident, I was shocked and went away. At this time, amongst the landslide victims, five people passed out, ten people died, and fifteen others were buried in the ground. The chief who took control of this construction site (whose name I did not know) said, “If those ten bodies cannot be taken out, just leave the bodies there to support the pillars.� At this time, I dared not stay there to listen because I was afraid that if I went into the construction pit, I would be buried in the landslide again.\nThousands of people collected from various districts in Kampong Thom province were ordered to build the 30 September dam. Two to three people in the mobile work brigade who were infected with malaria died after they were sent to a commune hospital. At 3 a.m., a unit chief named Sieng blew his whistle to order everyone to dig the ground till 11 a.m., a time when we ate a bowl of gruel with morning glory soup, banana (polished banana that was mixed with the gruel), or pumpkin soup. However, I could never satiate my hunger. At 1 p.m., [I] worked until 5 p.m., but I did not work at night. Because of my work carrying soil, my chest still hurts today. I do not know who should be held responsible for this, but I do know that the unit chief Sieng assigned me an excessive amount of work and never gave me enough food to eat."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0038",
    "name": "Cheam Chhort",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19550220",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Memorial",
    "details": {
      "title": "Torture",
      "description": "After April 17, 1975, when the Communist (Red Khmer) evacuated people out of the provincial capital town, Phea Chea, a base security police, came to arrest my husband. While I knew that he was accused of being part of someone’s network, I was not so certain about which network they were referring to. At the time, they took him to a detention center located in Kola village. Luckily, my sibling went to speak with and beg them to release him, saying that my husband was not part of a network. This is why they released him. In addition, a Communist (Red Khmer) security police named Kheat arrested my cousin and placed him in a sack, accusing him of killing a buffalo while plowing. He was then buried. In the morning, my husband came to inform me that my brother had been killed the night before."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0039",
    "name": "Kem Ving",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19460817",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "The death of my husband, Cheam Cheav",
      "description": "Approximately two months after the liberation of Phnom Penh, Cheam Cheav, my husband, was killed by the Communist (Red Khmer). When Pran, a village security police, came to arrest my husband, I lived in Phdiek village, Khan Nhaem commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province. My husband was arrested because of accusation that he was a Republican soldier. They said that they were taking my husband to receive an education for half a month. He disappeared forever. Siev, my former neighbor, now lives in Kabb Thlok village, Damrei Slap commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0040",
    "name": "Se Noeun",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19531011",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "psychiatric hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "After I returned from Kampong Thom provincial town, Khlaut, a cooperative chief, did not allow me to live in a village. Instead, they sent us to live in the forest because they considered us “candidate� people. When we arrived in the forest, we were assigned to do collective farming. Ry, a female unit chief, sent me to pull out rice seedlings: three phlaun per morning and two plaun per evening.\nOnce I finished pulling out three plaun of rice seedlings every morning, Ry then ordered me to pull out five plaun of rice seedlings per morning. After assigning me to pull out rice seedlings, they sent me to transplant rice seedlings for the duration of the day. In 1975, approximately five months after returning from Kampong Thom, I became pregnant. When I was two months pregnant, they ordered me to spend my entire day building huge rice dykes.\nAfter growing exhausted, I went to female comrade Tha and said that I could no longer work. She said that if I didn’t keep working, they would not give me rations. This is why I struggled to work until I gave birth. After I gave birth to my child, they allowed me to take half a month off. Later on, they summoned me to collect cow dung to make fertilizer. In addition, they sent me to dig Dambok land, a kind of land used to make fertilizer, and cut Antreangkhet tree, a kind of tree used to make fertilizer. I worked like this until the liberation."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0041",
    "name": "Phuon Huot",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19590317",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "In late 1975, Toeun, a cooperative chief, requested to meet with my husband, Yan Yuon, and killed him because he used to serve as a Republican soldier. During the evacuation, we lived in Traey village, Khann Nhaem commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province. When they were making population statistics, my husband told them that he had served as a Republican soldier during the Republican regime because the Communist (Red Khmer) said that anyone who used to serve (the former government) would be sent to work in a similar position.",
      "description": "When Koeun came to arrest my husband, I asked him, “Where will you take my husband?� Koeun said that my husband would be taken to receive an education and that he would return after one week; it was a rotating system. I did not see my husband again.\nLon, a base person, secretly told me that my husband had been killed at O Kranhoung, Khann Nhaeng commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province. In 1976, Chet, a mobile work brigade chief, ordered me to carry soil and build a second construction dam, located in Kandol village, Preah Damrei commune, Stung district, Kampong Thom province.\nChet held a meeting and told everyone to carry the earth. At that time, I did not know the reason (why he ordered us to do so). While carrying soil, I worked from six a.m. to twelve p.m. and one p.m. to five p.m. During the break, each person received one small tin pot of gruel. During this period, Chet measured the amounts of earth that we each carried. Those who could not finish carrying the set amount were forced to complete this task; otherwise, they would have nothing to eat. They received nothing to eat because they could not work (to the Communist (Red Khmer)’s satisfaction)."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0042",
    "name": "Chhan Phe",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "In 1975, five Communist (Red Khmer) combatants came to call on my father and took him to be killed at Tachul. Upon arrival, they told my father to work in Ta Chul, Phann Nhaem commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province. Later on, my aunt went to look for him in Ta Chul village and asked villagers there about him. The villagers said they had killed him the night before. I do not know the names of the villagers in Ta Chul who witnessed the killing and told me about that incident. My father was killed because of an accusation that he was a Republican soldier and traitor."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0043",
    "name": "Than Leap",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19600101",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Memorial",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "After returning from Kampong Thom provincial town, my family was separated. Shortly afterwards, Chhiek, a base person, captured my father and tied him up. He then loaded my father onto his cart and drove away. At this time, I saw the cart but was not sure whether my father was on the cart or not. After liberation in 79, my family reunited and, shortly after our reunion, we met our father’s killer, who is now living in Damreislap village, Damrei Slap commune. The perpetrator confessed that he had actually arrested and killed my father in Damreislap village. At the time, he had received a list from Samban, who ordered Kin to arrest and kill my father because of the accusation that he was a Republican soldier.\nBesides this killing, I did not endure any other difficulties because I was young."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0044",
    "name": "Neou Ly",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1955",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Malnutrition and overwork",
      "description": "From 1976 to 1978, Cheng, a mobile work brigade chief, sent me to carry soil, transplant and pull out rice seedlings, and carry earth to build both the 30 September dam, located in Sophy village, Preah Damrei commune, and the 5 January dam, located in Tbaung Krapae village, Tbaung Krapae commune. I saw thousands of people who had come from Kampong Svay, Sandan, and Santuk districts working together there. Every day, particularly in the dry season, Chakk, a chief of Krasaing commune, and Meas, a district chief, ordered Sun, a cooperative chief, to give orders to Cheng, a mobile work brigade chief, to summon all the people to build the dam.\nEveryone was ordered to use their respective (individual) earth moving buckets and to make sure that the buckets did not disappear. At four a.m., Preng, a unit chief, blew the whistle and if anyone came late, Preng would pull him or her down to the ground. We then worked until twelve p.m. before receiving a ladle of gruel with only a little Prakhok soup. After a short break, we went to back to work from one p.m. to five pm. After eating dinner, we then went back to work until ten p.m.\nIn 1977, at the 30 September dam in Sauphy village (Sauphy dam), I recall that Meas, a district chief, ordered a mobile work brigade to build a strong foundation site. While digging the ground, however, approximately ten people died in a pit, nine to ten in depth. It took a whole day to dig up the bodies that had been buried by the collapse of the foundation. The majority of people who worked in this place died from malnutrition and illness. Some were later sent to other areas and also died.\nIn late 1977, my 60-year-old mother, Sou Nuon, died as a result of starvation and not having a caretaker to look after her. This incident occurred because Pom, a cooperative chief, did not allow me to visit my mother or even bury her. At this point, during an attempt to ask a chief of a mobile work brigade for permission to visit and bury my mother, he said, “You are not a special person who can make the dead become alive. Just focus on your work!� I dared not confront him, because I felt that this would make me seem too unreasonable: a notorious person. I was willing to continue working.\nFrom my viewpoint, it was not easy for the Communist (Red Khmer) to kill everyone and this is why they forced people to overwork and starve from malnutrition: so that people would die. As it (Democratic Kampuchea) was a communist society, they let Khmer people die and would take people from China instead.\nIn 1977, while building the 5 January dam, located in Ponnheachy village and Tbaungkrapae village, Tbaungkrapae commune, I witnessed two to three cars containing Ta Mok and approximately four to five members of a Chinese delegation driving up to visit the dam site. I do not know who was in charge of the dam, but I was aware that Cheng, a mobile work brigade chief, and Sun, a cooperative chief, were the most brutal people in terms of mistreating people in Ponnheachy. One day, while plowing the rice field, buffaloes got free of the cart and I could not plough for one evening. The cooperative chief then starved me. I became frustrated with him. At the time, I wondered where all the rice in the rice grange was being taken and why people were starving."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0045",
    "name": "Kung Nou",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19511010",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Psychiatric hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "In 1975, after Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers defeated Republican and took power, Sim, a Communist (Red Khmer) cadre, assigned me to work in a mobile work brigade, though I do not remember the name of my unit chief. Later on, Sim, a village chief, assigned me to pull out rice seedlings in Prateat village. Each person was supposed to pull out five phloun of rice seedlings per day. If they did not do so, they would not be allowed to take a rest.\nIn addition, they ordered me to transplant rice seedlings: 10 acres per day. If I could not do so, I would not be allowed to take a rest and my rations would be cut off.  Until the harvesting season, I was assigned to harvest rice, but not assigned a precise amount of work to complete. In addition, they sent me to build the dam at Santuk, assigning me to carry two cubic meters of soil and walk long distances. Sometimes, unable to carry the earth, I was called to attend a criticism meeting. If I still could not finish the work the next day, my rations would be reduced. After returning from Santuk, they sent me to Srasov to do rice farming. This place was under the supervision of a unit chief named Chhai, currently living in Kbil. After this task, Chhai transferred me to build 30 September dam."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0046",
    "name": "Nom Sek",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Pagoda",
    "details": {
      "title": "Starvation",
      "description": "After April 17, 1975, there was no single moment that I had enough food to eat: only a ladle of gruel per meal. I do not know why Angkar gave people gruel to eat. Sometimes I only ate one meal per day, even though people could produce a lot of rice."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0047",
    "name": "Yang Nhouv",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Starved to death",
      "description": "Between 1975 and 1977, rations were so bad. There was lots of work to do, but they served one can of rice for eight people. When we fell sick because of malnutrition, they said we were malingering. Later on, groups of ten were given one can of rice to eat until people became absolutely exhausted, fell sick, and died. Those who died from malnutrition are Yey Nim, aunt, Keo Liv, uncle  Ret Dum, cousin Ret Roeu, cousin Yang Sep, aunt   During this period, leaders in Tbel village, Sun and Prich, starved people. I did not have any idea what their plan was."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0048",
    "name": "Choeng Ly",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19440301",
    "job": "Village chief",
    "reparation": "School, Hospital, Ceremony Hall",
    "details": {
      "title": "In 1974, the genocide clique (Pol Pot) evacuated my family to La-ak village, fifteen kilometers from this village (my current village). We then escaped to Kampong Thom provincial town because we were afraid of getting killed. We then lived in the provincial town for a year under the Khmer Republic regime (Republican regime).   On April 17, 1975, they deported my family back to our home village (Tbil village). However, we were sent to live in the forest: not inside the village. We were assigned to do farming. From 1976 to 1977, I was put to work in a mobile work brigade, building rice dykes, pulling out rice seedlings and guarding (the village) at night. During this period, I worked in Raluos village, south of Kampong Thom. Due to a lack of food and medicine, I fell down and was unconscious.",
      "description": "After I worked in the mobile work brigade, they sent me to chop down trees for two years in a liberated area named Ta Lek. I was assigned to saw timber until 1979.   I saw people being loaded onto carts and taken to be killed at night. In mid 1977, people deported from Phnom Penh to Tbil village, including Chiv (husband), Ne (wife), Bot (English teacher, male) and Ry (wife), Seng (engineer) and Na (wife), and Kea and Chim (wife), were executed. Chet, a security chief, was the executioner.\nIn 1974, monks were disrobed because there was no one bringing them food. Everyone was forced to do farming. In 1976, all property was collected and used collectively, at which point collective eating emerged. Even the crops and animals were collected. Nguon, my cousin, was killed in 1975 because he was a Republican soldier, though I do not know where he was killed. I assume that the people who took and killed him were district security police or commune security police. My request is to prevent the Communist (Red Khmer) regime from occurring for second time. People survived that regime because of the United Front for the National Salvation of Kampuchea (UFNSK)."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0049",
    "name": "Suon Thang",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1937",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Psychiatric hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "After the Communist (Red Khmer) took complete control throughout Cambodia in 1975, they first assigned me to work as a palm tree climber, climbing thirty palm trees per day. Chork, a commune chief, ordered me to climb palm trees in Tbil village, Sanka commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province. After a year of climbing palm trees, I was ordered to tend forty cattle, which I did for a year. Then Chork transferred me to build the Sauky dam, located in Prey Damrei commune, Stung district.\nWhile working there, I was assigned to carry four cubic meters of soil per day. If we did not finish the assigned task on time, we were not allowed to eat. They would then force us to complete the assigned task. After I had worked at the Sauphy dam for fifteen days, Chork summoned me to plow paddy fields in Nipech village, Nipech commune, Kampong Svay district, Kampong Thom province. They assigned me to use five plows to plow one hectare of rice field per morning.\nI then took a rest and went to tend the buffaloes until three pm. After the buffaloes, I plowed the paddy fields again until four p.m., at which point I was allowed to rest. Later on, Chork sent me to transplant rice seedlings. In summary, most of my assigned tasks were mobile, though it depended on the commune chief who ordered the work."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0050",
    "name": "Aok Maut",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19450103",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "One evening in 1978, Chork, the commune chief, called me to attend a meeting and told my group, consisting of twelve members, to carry soil at the 6 January dam. At the time, Prenh, a unit chief, supervised our work. I worked from four a.m. to eleven a.m. and from one p.m. to six p.m. If we could not finish the assigned task, they would make us continue working. In terms of rations, they gave us only gruel: one bowl for each person.\nDuring this time, I never had enough food to eat. My knees were bigger than my head. They cut my rations off twice when I had a swelling disease and was unable to go to work. Chork was the person who cut my rations off. He said that I was taking advantage of other people’s labor. Even though I was sick, they still forced me to work. If I did not work, my rations would be decreased. During my illness, I was not sent to the hospital, but forced to work as normal."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0051",
    "name": "Mel Lai",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19620301",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Mental hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Evacuation:",
      "description": "When the Communist (Red Khmer) came to power on April 17, 1975, residents of Kampong Thom, including me, were evacuated to our home villages. People who were evacuated to Kampong Thom provincial town were sent to live in Prey Thmanhoung , one and a half kilometers north of the national road. During the year I lived there, I heard Prich, the chief of Thbil Village, state that people who had been evacuated to Kampong Thom provincial town were later sent to live in the forest because they were regarded as new people. The base people who had lived in the village and had not been deported outside the village had more rights than the new people. After the villagers lived in the area for one year, they allowed them to go back to their home village."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0052",
    "name": "Uak Sim",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19430304",
    "job": "Village deputy chief",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "Detention in Stong High School Prison (Stung High School):",
      "description": "In 1977, I was jailed at Stung High School Prison for a month and ten days. As a former Republican soldier at Kampenh Barracks in Sra Yauv Village (prior to the Communist (Red Khmer)) of Kampong Svay District, I had been arrested in 1975, along with three hundred other Republican soldiers.  Initially, I was sent to Klaing Khaut Pagoda, located in Bralay Commune, Stong District .\nLater, all three hundred soldiers, including me, were incarcerated in Stung High School Prison.  In the prison, I was lined up with thirty other inmates and we were restrained by one long shackle. Three hundred prisoners were detained in one cell. During my detention in that high school prison, I was interrogated regarding my service as a Republican soldier at Kampong Thom. I was jailed for a month and ten days. I did not know the interrogators or who ordered my arrest. However, I was aware that all three hundred soldiers who had been captured were Republican soldiers.\nAs a result of my treatment in the prison, I have a scar on my foot and my hands become numb when exposed to cold temperatures."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0053",
    "name": "Kem Leat",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19570808",
    "job": "Chief o Kbil village association",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "In 1975, when Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers liberated the city of Phnom Penh, two security personnel (names unknown) at Kampong Svay District ordered my uncle, Nhem Dim, aged 45, to be re-educated. My uncle lived in Sbeng Khpuos Village, Sankor Commune, Kampong Svay District, Kampong Thom Province. The incident took place at six p.m., and the accusation was that my uncle was a Republican soldier and therefore a spy.  When Republican soldiers evacuated him from Thbil Village, Sankor Commune,  Kampong Rate commune chief of Kampong Svay District, (whose name I do not remember), nominated my uncle as group chief. The two security men helped my uncle come down the stairs of his house. I still remember that when the security men came and called my uncle for reeducation, he wore a black shirt, which he had exchanged with me because he did not have a black shirt.",
      "description": "When he left his home, he was aware that the security men might kill him because he informed his wife and children that he would return if he were still alive. He has disappeared ever since. A month later, I became certain that the security men killed my uncle at Srange Security Center, located in Srange Village, Thbil Commune, Kampong Svay District, Kampong Thom Province. When the security men walked to work, I noticed that one of the men who came to take my uncle for reeducation was wearing the shirt which my uncle had exchanged with me.\nThat is why I can conclude that my uncle was killed, even though I did not witness the incident. I do not know who killed my uncle or how he was executed. I only know that the security men took my uncle and killed him based on the accusation of being a C.I.A. agent of Republican."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0054",
    "name": "Khoem Hean",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Develop the country",
    "details": {
      "title": "Malnutrition:",
      "description": "Generally, under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, meals were inadequate. However, in my experience, conditions were most extreme in 1977. At that time, I lived in Kbel Village, Sankor Commune, Kampong Svay District, Kampong Thom Province. I was given gruel mixed with fish paste and morning glory. There were two meals per day; half a ladle of gruel was given each time. This nutrition was insufficient. I do not remember the name of the cooperative chief. At that time, rice production was abundant, but I never understood why we were not given sufficient food to sustain ourselves. My cousin, En, plowed the fields and also received insufficient food rations."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0055",
    "name": "Sou Hao",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19710403",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital & school",
    "details": {
      "title": "Witnessing prisoners at a security center of Kbel Village:",
      "description": "In approximately early 1977, I saw many prisoners at Kbel Village, Sankor Commune. The number of inmates was at least fifty. I noticed that the prisoners were                                                                                                                             very skinny, handcuffed and shackled. Based on my observation, the prisoners must have had insufficient food to eat. I do not know where they came from or why they were detained there. I witnessed the incident while searching for Angtriengkhet (a kind of tree used to make fertilizer). Chet was the security chief, and Mien was the deputy chief. An elderly man named Norn was the village security policeman. It was known that Norn reported people who stole anything in the village.\nThree days later, searching for Angtriengkhet at the same place, I witnessed a group of about twenty young prisoners.  I do not know why they were there or where they came from. Many other children also witnessed this incident, but I do not know their names."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0056",
    "name": "Khouy Chea",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Persecution:",
      "description": "When I was building the dam next to Kdey Sen Pagoda of Kampong Svay District, I had a fever. However, Ly, the female unit chief, accused me of malingering. She forced me to continue building the dam, and I passed out unconscious.  Sen, the chief of Sangkat Trapeang Russei, ordered three of his subordinates to mistreat, kick, and stomp on me because they were angry with me, saying that I malingered. The incident took place in late 1978 in Bakk Kor Village, unknown commune, Kampong Svay District. Sen, the chief of Sangkat Trapeang Russei, wanted me beaten to death.  I was being stepped on and pushed into the water. Sen said, “To destroy you is no loss.� At the time, Nop, the mobile unit chief, and an unknown combatant chief, begged Sen to release me. I was then sent to a hospital in Taing Krasaing, Kampong Svay District.\nIn late 1978, I heard from my cousin, Nheup, that my mother was sick.  I asked the unit chief, Ly, to allow me to visit my mother. Ly did not allow me to go, saying that I was not a doctor and there were medical staff at that place. Then I escaped and went home anyway. However, before reaching my house, I was caught by three division chiefs whose names I do not recall. I was taken back to my workplace, Taing Krasaing, Kampong Svay District. When we arrived at the hospital, Phal, the hospital chief, confronted the combatant chief in order to help release me. Phal hid me by locking me away in a rice storehouse. The combatant chief was trying to find me because he wanted to kill me.  However, he could not find me because Phal, the hospital chief, had helped me."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0057",
    "name": "Sao Horn",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19550309",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Execution:",
      "description": "In 1977 (Year of the Snake), a major flood caused every road to sink under water. At the time,  I was sick and stayed at Brasat Pagoda, to be treated for my high fever.  I was hospitalized for about half a month. I saw an elderly man named Tapp and another elderly man (whose name I do not remember), villagers of Krasaig Kha Village, Sankor Commune, walking with Saom, a woman who worked with me in the mobile unit. I saw Saom, whose hands were tied behind her back, being walked to the east of Brasat Pagoda where there were bushes and an old well.\nLater, the elderly man named Tapp and the other elderly man returned, but without Saom. I thought that her disappearance meant death, because she had been taken to a ghost village where lots of people had become sick and died and had also been taken to be executed. I do not know why Saom was taken to be executed there, but she worked carrying earth next to Brasat Pagoda. I do not know who ordered the killing of Saom, but I know that the elderly man named Ta Tapp and the other elderly man took and killed Saom."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0058",
    "name": "Son Laut",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing:",
      "description": "In late 1975, my husband, Daung Khit, was arrested by two Communist (Red Khmer) cadres, Comrade Sun and Comrade Tin. He was arrested at Chong Da and brought to Srange Pagoda. After detaining him for five days, they killed him after accusing him of not working hard enough. I learned about this incident when I sneaked to Chheu Teal Village to meet my cousin, Iem Tin, who knew about this incident. I saw about two hundred prisoners being detained at Srange Pagoda. Five prisoners were taken to be killed per night. I learned this information from Iem Tin, whose house was next to the prison."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0059",
    "name": "Nuon Tan",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "In 1976, after I arrived in Sleng Khpuos Village, Comrades Suon and Neun put me to work in a children’s mobile unit in Sva O Village, Damrei Slap District, Kampong Thom Province. I do not know the person who was in charge there. When I first arrived in Sva O Village, I was put to work building a dam, digging a canal, and digging up termite mounds. In one day, a group of seven people had to dig out a termite mound which measured three quadrilaterals . The work lasted from six a.m. to eleven a.m. and from eleven thirty a.m. to six p.m.\nIn addition to building the dam and digging up the termite mounds, I had to make fertilizer. To make fertilizer for use in the paddy field, I picked up cow dung and collected Antreang Khet, a kind of tree, and mixed them together. Saeng, who now lives in Krasaing Kor Village, Sann Kor Commune, Kampong Svay District, Kampong Thom Province, was the chief of the children’s work unit at the time, and he was the one who gave us the assigned tasks. I missed my mother, so I ran off to meet her. When I returned, Oeng, a female, punished me by putting me to work building the dam. I do not know why she treated me that way. I am not sure about any other events which happened during that time."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0060",
    "name": "Noch Kem",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Execution:",
      "description": "In the rainy season of an unknown year, a cooperative chief (name unknown) put me to work cooking for about ten security guards at cashew farm, the primary execution site in Chamkar Leu District. There were three cooks working at the cashew farm, but I do not recall the other two. On three occasions, I was cooking when executions took place.  The distance between where I cooked and the site of execution was about a hundred meters.   I witnessed every killing which took place from seven a.m. to five or six p.m. I cooked for comrades who killed thousands of people. While they were killing people, they played the loudspeaker. However, I could still hear the screaming of the victims. The comrades used a metal iron taken from the oxcart to beat the nape of the victims, causing them to fall down into the grave. Among those comrades, I can still remember one called Phon, (who recently committed suicide by swallowing medicine.)\nI knew that every ten days people were selected and taken to be killed at the cashew farm. The victims were accused of being the enemy of Angkar, malingering, being confrontational with the Communist (Red Khmer) cadres, or being intellectuals.  In every mass grave, I noticed that there were dead bodies which swelled up, rotted, and smelled terribly. The comrades shared with each other the number of people to be killed. Each grave could hold hundreds of victims. I recall that each mass grave was four meters in depth, four meters in width, and ten meters in length. I witnessed the killing of children. Children were thrown against the mango trees and put into the grave. People selected, taken to, and executed at the cashew farm were people who lived in various villages of Chamkar Leu District. Hundreds of children were killed by being thrown against the mango trees and stabbed with a bayonet.\nI witnessed the incidents with my own eyes. I was not allowed to go and see the killing at the graves because I was busy cooking for the comrades whose job was to kill people.\nAfter working as a cook, I returned to do farming and work in the village dining hall. I am not certain about the exact year when the killing took place. But I do remember that the killings took place in the year when Vietnamese troops were about to liberate the country. That was the year in which the largest number of people were executed at the cashew farm.\nI knew that executions took place at the cashew farm based on orders given from the upper level Communist (Red Khmer). That was why people were selected from all the surrounding villages and taken to be killed. I was called upon to cook there three times when the next selection of people was made . I do not recall the name of the cashew farm chief. But I know that Yun took charge of Chamkar Leu. Later, Yun was arrested and disappeared."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0061",
    "name": "Choeng Neng",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor:",
      "description": "In February 1976, Prech, a militiaman in Kbel Village, put me to work in a mobile unit, building the 5 January Dam. I was assigned to carry four cubic meters of earth per day, while the men had to carry five cubic meters of earth per day. A year after building the dam, I was assigned to transplant rice seedlings in a female mobile unit.\nTransplanting the rice seedlings was more difficult than building the dam because seven people had to transplant one hectare of rice seedlings.  If we could not finish the assigned task, they would force us to finish it. We were supposed to wake up at four a.m., go to the paddy field, and work until six a.m. before taking a break for half an hour. Angkar upper level cadres provided the plan and the lower level cadres carried out that plan. However, I do not know the names of the Angkar upper level and lower level cadres.\nRegarding the building of the 5 January Dam, I worked in Tipou Commune, Santuk District, Kampong Thom Province. I do not know why they did so.  Nothing else happened to me under the regime."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0062",
    "name": "Diep Sorn",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19490302",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0063",
    "name": "Siv Phann",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Family separation:",
      "description": "In 1975, Prech, the cooperative chief, put me to work harvesting rice at Veal Krom. Later, I was sent to transplant rice seedlings at Tonle Sap. There, ten people were put to work in one paddy field. We needed to complete the assigned task. If we did not, we would be forced to work until we finished. In late 1975, I had to carry earth at 30 September Dam, where each worker was assigned to carry four cubic meters of earth   daily.\nIn 1976, Angkar sent me to grow potatoes, cabbage, papaya, and to husk rice at Kbel Village, Sann Kor Commune, Kampong Svay District, Kampong Thom Province. I had no knowledge of their plan or why they made me walk to a place far away from my parents. My aging parents worked inside the village. At one point, when I found out that my father had died from disease, I asked Sun, the cooperative chief, to allow me to go and bury my father in Kbel Village. After burying him, Ta Pech ordered me to harvest the dry season rice."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0064",
    "name": "Sun Tok",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing:",
      "description": "When we were evacuated out of Kampong Thom Province in April of 1975, my husband, Soeung Yeung, and I were separated by Communist (Red Khmer) militiamen.  I tried to find to him, but finally I learned that he had been killed by the Communist (Red Khmer). Ta Chim, who was responsible for taking people for re-education, told me that Angkar had taken my husband for re-education (at an unknown location). One night later , Yey Suth, a base person, told me that my husband had been taken away and killed. I met Yey Suth at Krayah Sang Kream in Baray District, Kampong Thom Province.\nMy brothers, Soeun and My, were taken along with my husband and executed. Neither Yey Suth nor I know where they were executed. Ta Chim was responsible for taking people to be executed. Yey Suth let me know that my husband, together with Soeun, My, Yoeng, Yan, and Koh, were taken away and killed. I do not know who took my husband, brothers, and other the other four  to the location where the killings took place. However, I think that Ta Chim is responsible for their executions because he was the one who gave orders to the militiamen. My husband died because he was accused of being a Republican soldier."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0065",
    "name": "Hut Hort",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19480501",
    "job": "Village chief",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Overwork:",
      "description": "In approximately 1976, I was sent to carry earth at the 30 September Dam in Vor Yeav Village, Damrei Slap Commune, Kampong Svay District, Kampong Thom Province. I carried three cubic meters of earth and walked fifty or sixty meters up to the dam. Tren sent me to carry the earth. They told me to help build the dam to store water for farming. There was not enough food to eat. There was only watery rice soup. When I completed my assigned task, I was forced to carry more. My cousin, Pheng Rong, who lived in Trapeang Kha Village, used to work with me."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0066",
    "name": "Muon San",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19450103",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing of my sister, Muon Moeun:",
      "description": "In approximately early 1976, my younger sister, Muon Moeun, died due to a lack of medical treatment. At the time, my sister lived in Krasaing Kha Village, Sann Kor Commune. After my sister delivered a baby, there was no salt for her diet.  Her husband, Suon Soeun, burned the  midrib of a coconut leaf to provide the salty taste for his wife to eat. After eating that, she had postpartum illness. The cooperative sent her to the hospital at Thnal Bek, Kampong Thom. I only knew that she was sent from the village to the hospital because I could not go along with her. My sister has disappeared forever. I think that my sister must have died. I do not know why this happened or who killed my sister."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0067",
    "name": "Ngin Aun",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19360108",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital & school",
    "details": {
      "title": "Starvation:",
      "description": "My older brother, Ngin Laun, died from starvation in late 1976 in Kampong Thom Hospital. At the time, he was sixty years old. They ordered him to sew leaves and make buckets used for carrying earth.  Sorn, the dining hall chief, gave my brother such a little amount of food to eat that he became ill and died.  Sun, the cooperative chief, assigned my brother tasks to complete in Krasaing Kha Village, Sann Kor Commune, Kampong Svay District. They reduced his ration because he did not complete the assigned tasks. When he became ill, he went to the provincial hospital and died there.\nMy brother, Ngin Yem, died in 1976 in Krasaing Kha Village, Sann Kor Commune, Kampong Svay District, Kampong Thom Province. At the time, Sun, the cooperative chief, had him working together with Ngin Laun because my brother had aged. Sorn starved Ngin Yem to death in Krasaing Kha Village, Sann Kor Commune, Kampong Svay District. Sorn starved him because he did not complete the assigned work tasks."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0068",
    "name": "Sein Born",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing:",
      "description": "In late 1977, a Communist (Red Khmer) security police named Yeun took my uncle, Nip Nuon, who lived in Krasaing Kha Village, and killed him at Srange Village, Trapeang Russie Commune, Kampong Svay District, Kampong Thom Province. At first, he was accused of committing a moral offense. Later, they accused him of burning the paddy fields and then they killed him. At the time, I did not witness the killing at Trapeang Krom Kaun Kha-ek field. Two combatants killed him."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0069",
    "name": "Hean Teng",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19550418",
    "job": "shepherd",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Prisoner of war:",
      "description": "When the Communist (Red Khmer) liberated Phnom Penh in 1975,  I was part of the Patyong group (a group which belonged to a division consisting of 336 Republican soldiers), which was evacuated and divided into small groups in Salavisay region. After spending three days there, I was sent to Sre Phum Pagoda, located in Sre Village, Salavisay Commune, Kampong Svay District, Kampong Thom Province. Living in Phum Sre Village was like living in prison; however, we were not tortured. There were approximately seventy people consisting of men, women, children, and soldiers ranking from captain down to corporal sergeant. The cooperative chief (whose name I do not remember) ordered me to dig the earth and grow crops, including grass potatoes and rice, depending on the given assignment. From my experience, the insufficient ration was the most difficult thing we endured. However, I had no right to speak up about anything.\nRegarding the lack of food, a spoonful of rice served for two people was mixed with tree leaves and a spoonful of Kruos [big pieces of salt] to serve for twelve people.  Those big pieces of salt were broken into small pieces. By doing so, the cooperative chief intended to kill us, because lots of people in the division group had died. This was because we were Republican soldiers and we were classisfied as new people, or depositees (because we had been “deposited� from the city into the countryside).\nI became aware of an unbelievable incident in which many people were killed in a pit. The pit contained approximately thirty to forty bodies of people who had been killed in just two or three days, along with a number of people who had been killed in the previous few days. I saw a big stick, smooth square heartwood of a tree, leaning on a big Phdiek tree and waiting  to be used to kill people. I witnessed people being killed in this pit as I was walking to pick up peacock mushrooms to mix with gruel to eat at Prey Thom, located east of Phum Srae Pagoda, approximately two kilometers from Salavisay Commune\nIn particular, people who stayed in Phum Srae Pagoda lived like animals.  Their bodies looked like Bret, [evil spirits], because they were distorted due to a lack of nutrition.  Their oversized knees and heads were predominant, and only skin covered their emaciated bodies. Twice a week, the security people in the village informed two or three prisoners of war to take a bath and prepare their belongings for re-education. During the re-education meeting, two or three security people  informed the prisoners of war that if they revealed their former rank and weapons they had held, they would be returned to their post. However, the truth was that those people were taken to be executed. After this tense situation, I decided to defect. From my knowledge, there were, at the beginning, seventy people living in the pagoda.\nAfter approximately two or three months had passed, there were only five people left living in Phum Srae Pagoda aside from my friends, relatives, and me (seven in total).  I knew that if I did not escape, my group would be taken to be executed by the Communist (Red Khmer) security police. Seventy people had died from malnutrition and disease, but primarily from execution. At that time, my status was a prisoner of war.\nWhen I defected in late 1976, Im (deceased), chief of the communal dining hall, put me to work fishing using a large fishing net at Tonle Sap lake. At one point in 1977, Peng, chief of the work unit, who lived in Stong District , assigned me to dive down twelve meters into Tonle Sap lake, using the large fishing net to catch fish. As a consequence, my right ear is deaf to this day. I knew that the chiefs made me work like that because they wanted me to die.\nIn late 1977, the Communist (Red Khmer) security guards arrested a woman, half-Vietnamese, at O Thma region, next to the small river Stung Sen (currently Boeng Thom Village). Comrade Lai, the security chief, ordered me to take this woman to Brasat Pagoda for execution. I knew that those security people took her and killed her, but I dared not help. If this woman had escaped, I would be dead as well. I took the woman from O Thma to Brasat Pagoda. Her hands were tied behind her back, and she was accompanied by her one-year-old child. When we neared Brasat Pagoda, two security men took them away and I went to take a rest. About ten minutes later, while I was going to ask if I could take a rest in the house of some village people, I saw the two security men rape the woman next to Brasat Pagoda, called Chuon Ta O . I overheard the woman shout, “Do not rape me! If you want to kill me, kill me!� The incident took place at eight p.m. but, because of the bright moon, I could see and hear the woman clearly. Witnessing the incident, I rushed to hide, since I was fearful of being killed. I knew that the half-Vietnamese woman was executed by the security men because they accused her of being a C.I.A or KGB agent. Those two security men were Comrade Lai and Comrade"
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0071",
    "name": "Dy Phan",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1961",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Torture:",
      "description": "In 1976, I served as a messenger for the Sery Saing commune chief named Pring. I worked at offices (mostly prisons), Krasaing Cooperative, and Kbel, because the elderly chief named Pring was in charge of these areas. Pring tortured prisoners who were brought from the village at about seven p.m., mostly people who defected from their mobile work unit. The house of an elderly woman named Seng, located in Krasaing Kha Village, was the security center where prisoners were detained and tortured.  The interrogation place, Ampil Baraing tree [a kind of tree], was about a hundred meters to the east of the security center. I knew that interrogations were carried out to discover information about people who had been soldiers under the Republican regime. The security men (unknown names) would interrogate those who did not answer, and they would be beaten until they became unconscious or possibly until they died. Because of hatred of the old regime, new people (depositees) were abused because they were considered unreliable and suspicious. After the interrogation, prisoners were executed at the school named Krasaing Ka.  I witnessed incidents when prisoners screamed while  being beaten to death.\nThe following morning, I walked toward the school at Krasaing Ka, through the former ghost forest.  It was approximately one hundred and fifty meters from the national road. I became terrified as I looked upon that place. I saw four pits, three bamboo sticks, which were about a meter long and the width of an arm, broken into pieces. There were three people in one pit and four others not fully buried in the other two pits. They did not dig a hole deep enough to bury the bodies. To my knowledge, Tren, the cooperative chief, ordered the killing. If the killing took place in the communal office that was located in Kbel Village (Damrei  Saing Commune), the people in charge were Prich, the commune chief, and Chan, the deputy chief. Pring was a combatant chief of Damrei Saing Commune.\nAt night, I served as a messenger, delivering letters to the district chief (unknown name). During the day, I either went to the office or stayed at home. When I saw Pring arrest three people (unknown names), I became terrified and informed Pring not to beat them anymore. Pring said I should watch him beat them some more. Terrified, I no longer trusted Pring, and the job of commune chief  then began to change – Chakk replaced Pring, and Sok was the deputy chief in 1977. Because they were traitors, they were relieved of duty.  Prech was taken to be executed, but Pring did not die. I do not know why only Prech was executed, and not Pring. I served as a messenger for Chakk, the Damrei Saing Commune Chief, delivering letters only during the nighttime, based on the saying, “A messenger is brave and fears nothing.�"
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0072",
    "name": "Un Mok",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19390105",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Temple",
    "details": {
      "title": "In approximately 1976, the chief of Prech Commune put me to work as a militiaman, because, compared to others, I was the last person to join the struggle . I served as a security police in Krasaing Kha Village, Sann Kor Commune, Kampong Svay District. Prech assigned me to deliver his letters and to guard a cooperative during the night. I delivered Prech’s letters to the chief of the fishing unit, a district chief named Phol, village chiefs, and other commune chiefs whose names I do not recall.",
      "description": "I witnessed killing. They killed people by using a  stick, dropping people into a well, and burying people in the canals. I witnessed the killing in Krasaing Kha Village, Sann Kor Commune, Kampong Svay District. I saw the killing almost every day.\nMost of the people who were killed were new people who were sympathetic to the former regime or who worked for the former regime before the liberation. Prech arrested people. Using his three subordinates, he came to arrest from five to ten people each time.\nIn approximately 1975, Prech arrested and killed his wife, accusing her of being a traitor who was sympathetic to the Republican regime. In my village, Prech killed Orn, Nguy, and Pen, accusing them of stealing rice. His militiamen informed him that these people had stolen rice. Then Prech brought these three people to An Kanh Village and killed them in 1977.\nMy brother, Un Ling, was accused of being a former Republican soldier and consequently was arrested and killed by the Communist (Red Khmer). It was approximately in 1975 or 1976 that Peng, the commune chief, arrested my brother. Pen killed my brother in Stong District .\nDuring 1978, Prech arrested, detained, and chained me at the commune hall on the accusation of stealing rice. At that time, I was in charge of the dining hall in the economic section.  When I was detained there, they did not beat me because I had struggled with them. During three weeks of the detention, there was half a spoon of rice to eat per day  . They detained me at a house that was located in Krasaing Kha Village, Sann Kor Commune, Kampong Svay District, Kampong Thom Province. After I underwent re-education, they let me go free.  I was assigned to climb palm trees for about a month. I climbed ten palm trees per day. Previously,  I had climbed palm trees in Krasaing Kha Village, Sann Kor Commune.\nChakk, the main chief of the commune, put me to work building a dam for about a month. I was assigned to carry three cubic meters of dirt. I received a bowl of rice soup to eat at each meal.  Those who could not complete the assigned task were not allowed to stop working. They were forced to work until they finished the assigned tasks.  Only then could they receive their food rations. I worked to help build the dam in Krasaing Kha Village, Sann Kor Commune. I do not recall the year in which I worked on the dam."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0073",
    "name": "Seng Sen",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1935",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "In the rainy season of 1978, I was an eyewitness to the arrest of my younger sister and her family by Than, the security police chief, who was accompanied by Chan and four other security policemen whose names I do not know.  They arrested my younger sister, Seng Yi, 23, her husband, Sok Kraen, 29, and their two children, my nieces, ages two and one. They were taken to be executed at one a.m. on the accusation of being traitorous white Khmer. When the incident took place, I was sleeping at a construction site at Morha Pagoda, located in Morha Village, Chey Commune, Kampong Svay District. I saw security police approaching to arrest them and escort them inside the pagoda next to the pond. They killed them to the north of the temple in the pagoda, approximately a hundred meters from where I lived.",
      "description": "First they captured my younger sister and her husband, tying their hands behind their backs, blindfolding them, gagging them by putting clothes in their mouths, and killing them. Then the security police beat my sister’s husband on the neck and skull.  After that, they beat my young nieces. Because the two girls cried out loud, the security police threw them into the pond, drowning them to death.\nLater six security police buried their bodies in the bottom of the pond and walked back to the Morha office. After witnessing such an incident, I tried to compose myself when the security police returned. I suspected that those six security police spied on me for almost half a month, questioning me by saying “How could you work and not be affected by the loss of relatives, after watching them die?� I knew they were testing me and so I replied, “No! They betrayed the party. I am not grieving, because they were traitors.�   However, deep inside my mind, I could barely tolerate the situation; I was extremely depressed  and was coughing up blood because of overwork and the stress of witnessing such a tragic incident which happened to my family members. I just tried to hide and acted as if I did not know or hear anything in order to keep the incident a secret.\nBased on my knowledge, Chan, the communal security chief, ordered the six security police to kill my younger sister and her family. I was working at the construction site of the communal office and witnessed the incident. Later, Chan, the communal security chief, wanted to kill me after I finished building one hundred collective houses. Fortunately, the Vietnamese troops came to liberate us after I had finished building forty-nine houses. Chan, the communal security chief, had wanted to kill me, accusing me of being part of the traitorous White Khmer network, led by Hou Nim and Hou Yun.  This is the same accusation for which my younger sister and her family were executed.  At that time, I lived in Morha"
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0074",
    "name": null,
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": null,
    "dob": null,
    "job": null,
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0075",
    "name": "Chhorn Muon",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1955",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Well",
    "details": {
      "title": "Execution:",
      "description": "In 1978, my older brother named Chhorn Meakh was taken to be executed at Chamkar Leu in Kampong Cham Province. A regional security policeman (of Kampong Cham Province), whose name I do not know, accused my older brother of being a Sraong Srang soldier (Republican soldier). Kin informed me that my brother had been taken to be executed, because Kin had been taken to be killed at the same time as my brother. But Kin was able to escape and return to the village. He sought out my brother’s relatives and informed us that my brother had died and there was no need to wait for him to return. Then Kin escaped to Thailand.\nIn 1975, my mother died from exhaustion. She had been forced to work until she fell unconscious and died at a worksite in Krasaing Kha Village. Chet, the commune chief, supervised the cooperative and the limited food rations. My older brother, Chhorn Iek, informed me about the death of my mother. I felt genuine grief for my mother’s passing, but I dared not cry because I feared being taken to be executed by Chet if I showed any emotion."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0076",
    "name": null,
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": null,
    "dob": null,
    "job": null,
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0077",
    "name": "Pheng Heng",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19500701",
    "job": "Famer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "During the harvesting month (November) of late 1978, two commune security men came to arrest me at ten p.m. while I was sleeping.  One was named Pech and lives in Neaksen Village, Sann Kor Commune, Kampong Svay District; the name of the other I cannot recall.  The two commune security men arrested, handcuffed, and imprisoned me in a security center which was located in Srangae Pagoda, Tbeng Village, Tbeng Commune, Kampong Svay District. I was imprisoned for half a month because Comrade Kuot, the security center chief, accused me of abducting a woman and escaping to Thailand with her. He was about to kill me.",
      "description": "However, the truth was that I did not know anything about this charge. When I was arrested, the two security men took me out of my house, tied me up tightly with a hammock string, and used a bicycle to take me to the security center. For the first three days, Kuot, the security center chief, interrogated me. After the interrogation, they conducted an investigation in each unit of the cooperative. As a result, they discovered that I had no intention of escaping to Thailand. Half a month later, I was released.\nAlmost every day during my imprisonment, the security center chief ordered me to transport and bury the dead bodies which the security men had killed next to the prison.  The number of people detained in the prison was about fifty or sixty, most of whom were city dwellers (the 17 April people), and the base people, consisting of male, youth, and elderly people. In the prison, I witnessed Comrade Kuot order his subordinates, four to five commune militiamen, to torture the prisoners.  The torture consisted of beating the heads of prisoners with a stick and hoe, and shackling. Frequently, during the night, two or three security men who wore Pret Kaing shoes, (shoes which had nails on their soles), kicked prisoners all over their bodies until they died.\nEach kick could break the prisoner’s backbone or their head. The prisoners who were kicked died the following morning. When I carried the dead bodies to be buried next to the wall of Srange Pagoda, I realized that most of the dead prisoners had been beaten to death. I am not certain what these prisoners were accused of or why they were killed.  During my detention, I was not tortured or mistreated at all. During the five days before I was about to be released, Comrade Kuot ordered me to bring rice soup to prisoners who received two meals per day, morning and evening.  One can of rice served seven or ten people. There was salt in the rice soup as well.\nI do not know which upper level cadre gave the orders. During my detention, I was not fearful because it seemed like I became accustomed to seeing the security men, mistreatment of prisoners, and killing. I did not expect the security guards to release me. I assumed that I would be killed like the others had been."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0078",
    "name": "Lim Pan",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Stupa",
    "details": {
      "title": "Imprisonment:",
      "description": "I never saw people being imprisoned during that time. However, I learned from villagers that people were relocated from village to village because the Communist (Red Khmer) changed their work assignments. I think people who were relocated from the village were imprisoned at Wat Srange security center. Some prisoners were executed, while others survived and are still living today. For example, Ta Suon survived the Wat Srange security center because he never confronted Angkar in the way that Prech, Pres, and Sorn did. The security center had been in existence since 1975."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0079",
    "name": "Soeun Chheang",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19690305",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Starvation:",
      "description": "In 1978, my mother, who worked in the economic unit of Krasaing Kha Village, was starved because she got sick with diarrhea and was therefore unable to work. Because she could not work, she was not entitled to her food ration. If my mother and I could not work, we would receive no food. Workers in the mobile unit were oppressed,  and therefore those who could not go to work because they were sick, regardless of the reason, were starved.\nWhen my mother had nothing to eat, I shared my ration – a cup of rice soup which contained only a spoonful rice –  with her. My father, who worked as a blacksmith, shared his rice soup and potatoes with my mother. I knew that Sum, our neighbor who later became a mobile unit chief, criticized my mother for being unable to work. Yeay Sum told the dining hall chief (whose name I do not know) not to give my mother her ration because my mother was lazy, not sick.\nMy sister, Soeun Cheang, died from starvation in late 1978. She died in Krasaing Village, Sann Kor Commune. I do not know who starved her, but everyone was suffering from starvation. After her death, my brother, Soeun Chea, my parents and I escaped to Chamkar Leu Commune. My father still worked in the craft unit; my mother husked rice; my brother worked in the mobile unit; and I pulled sheaves of rice. Four of us were given a cup of rice soup to eat a day for twenty days because unlike other people, we were emaciated .\nAt Kampong Bay cooperative, our family was given adequate food to eat for two days, and then we received the normal amount of food.  Yeay Sum, who was my mother’s mobile unit chief, criticized my mother very often. I want the court to prosecute the Communist (Red Khmer) leaders so that they cannot commit the same crimes again."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0080",
    "name": "Sean Buon",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19480103",
    "job": "Houswife",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "In late 1975, former Republican soldiers, including my family and around fifty other villagers who lived in the village and commune, were evacuated to the provincial town. My husband and I were evacuated to Chaeng Santuk by Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers. Because my husband was a Republican soldier who carried rice for the Republican soldiers at Svay Tran, he was arrested and killed by the Communist (Red Khmer) security guards. One day at around nine p.m. , two militiamen whose names I do not recall, ordered him to do farming. (I do not know where he went to do the farming.)  I was with him at the time. My husband left with the two militiamen, as they walked together into the night.",
      "description": "The next morning, full of doubt, I asked villagers and neighbors for news of my husband. They said that my husband was fine and had enough food to eat. They tried to comfort me because I had two little daughters: one was two years old and the other was only two months old. A month later, I learned that my husband was executed by the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers (unknown names) on the accusation of being a former Republican soldier. During that time, approximately fifty people disappeared. I am certain that my husband and other people who lived in Santuk District were killed by the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers. However, I do not know how they were killed or who the executioners were.\nA year later, in late 1976, my first daughter died from malnutrition because Sok, the cooperative chief in Sa-rieng Village, Trapeang Khlang Commune, Taing Kok District, Kampong Thom Province, forced me to work transplanting rice seedlings, building a dam, digging the earth, and farming, and as a result, I did not have time to look after my two-year-old daughter.\nAt first, my daughter became sick, crying most of the time, and feeling dizzy. Then she became unable to speak, had a high fever, and died. I buried her in Taing Kok District. I think that the cooperative chief caused my daughter’s death because he did not give her enough food to eat and he put me to work long hours, sometimes until the nighttime. I was furious because there was no one looking after my daughter."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0081",
    "name": "Lanh Chann",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19600105",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital & school",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced marriage:",
      "description": "In approximately 1977, I was forced to get married. Tren, who was in charge of the economic section of the cooperative, arranged the marriage for me and my husband, Ky Kheat. At the time, I said that I would not marry my relative. However, I agreed to marry him because I was afraid that they would kill my parents. I am still living with my husband.\nAt the time, I did not want to marry him because he was twelve years old than me. The wedding took place in Kbel Village, Sann Kor Commune. There were four couples: Tuy and Vy, Pakk and Dean, Yean and Maut, and Khatt and Chann."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0082",
    "name": "Chhauy Ny",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital & school",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor:",
      "description": "In 1975, my father, Ham Chhouy, hemorrhaged badly and died because of overwork carrying earth and digging a canal at Sauphy Dam, in Chamkar Leu Commune, Stong District , Kampong Thom Province. I witnessed the incident because I was working with him at the time. After two months coughing up blood, my father died. I am sure that he died because of overwork from carrying earth. After my father’s death, Angkar forced me to replace my father, carrying the earth until I became sick. Nhorn was in charge of Sauphy Dam."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0083",
    "name": "Roeung Kan",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19440413",
    "job": "Housewife",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor:",
      "description": "From 1975 onwards, Khun, the commune chief, and Sat sent me to do farming, carry  fertilizer, carry earth, build dams, and pull out the grass from morning to night, allowing me to take a rest only during lunch.\nAdditionally, they repeatedly relocated me to work all over the province.  One assignment was to dig a canal at Stung (where all the workers were assigned to carry three cubic meters of earth per day).   Another assignment was to dig a canal north of Ampil Raling. Sometimes, they ordered me to fish at O Tasek. I do not know how they decided what assignments to give me. They only told me what to do. At one point, five months after I gave birth to my child, they put me back to work as usual."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0084",
    "name": "Sam Lon",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Woman statue",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor:",
      "description": "In 1976, from Kadeuk [the 12th month of lunar calendar] to Pisak [the 6th month of lunar calendar], I was forced to build a dike. At that time, I worked with a female vanguard unit, and everyone was supposed to carry three cubic meters of earth for building the dike which was more than one meter in depth.\nWith regard to transplanting seedlings, each worker was supposed to finish five square meters per day. While assigned to transplant rice seedlings, I lived in Satha Por Village, Pach Choban Commune, Tbeng Meanchay District,   Preah Vihear Province. The person in charge of building the dike, digging the canal, and forcing people to do other tasks was Nhuon Khim, a male, who came from the Eastern Zone. His position was a Pach Choban commune chief of Preah Vihear Province. This person was in charge of an elderly man named Tan, who also came from the Eastern Zone and who carried out his orders. Whether these people are alive or dead today is unknown to me.\nI do not know why they forced us to endure hard labor. I am not certain about anything else which took place at that time. I only knew that each group had a meeting every three days, while each team had a meeting once a week.  The meetings were held to encourage members  of the female mobile unit to work hard."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0085",
    "name": "Smann Haun",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Evacuation:",
      "description": "In 1975, I was evacuated from Kampong Thom to my home village. Ta Chakk, the unit chief who evacuated me out of Kampong Thom Province, said that we needed to move out; otherwise, the Republican soldiers would come and evacuate us. About half a month after I arrived in Krasaing Ka, they relocated me to the forest, two kilometers from the national road. There they made me do farming and eat collectively. Six months later, they told us to return to our home village. I do not recall the person who supervised us at that time. I do not know why we were evacuated back and forth."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0086",
    "name": "Sean Nang",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road & bridge",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor:",
      "description": "In 1977, Chakk, the head chief, assigned me to fish, ordering that one hundred and fifty people needed to catch one ton of fish. Later, they made me chop and dry the banana base to mix with rice. We were assigned to chop ten sacks of banana base for a hundred people. I do not know who was in charge of Sann Kor Village. Ten days after I chopped and dried the banana, they sent me to weave scarves at Ta Prok in Chamkar Leu District for six months. When I became sick with malaria, they sent me to a hospital in Ta Prok. I had a very high fever and the medical staff gave me an injection. As soon as the medical staff finished the injection, I passed out. Then the medical staff sent me to a hall where the dead bodies were kept. I remained in that hall until dawn. Chy, my unit chief, came looking for me. When he asked for Smann Haut, the medical staff told him that I was in the hall where the dead bodies were kept. When he found me, I was in the hall, thirsty and asking for water to drink. Then I was sent back to my home village.\nExecution:\nMy husband was shot to death by a Communist (Red Khmer) combatant during the rainy season of 1975. The Communist (Red Khmer) accused him of being a Republican sympathizer. I did not witness the incident. I learned from one of my in-laws that my husband was killed at O Phe and thrown down a well at Pothe Kruos."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0087",
    "name": "Kung Eng",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Execution:",
      "description": "In late 1975 and early 1976, Prech and Pring, chiefs of Sangkat Sann Kor, accused my uncle, Kung Buon, of killing a cow for food. However, the truth was that the cow died of a natural cause. The arrest took place at my house in Krasaing Kha Village, Sann Kor Commune, Kampong Svay District, Kampong Thom Province. The arrest took place because a cow died from an unknown cause. Chan, my cousin, told me that Pring killed our uncle. Pring covered my uncle’s head with a sack and poured hot water over his head and body. Then my uncle died at Neak Sen Village, Sann Kor Commune, Kampong Svay District, Kampong Thom Province. I am not aware of any other incidents which happened under the regime."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0088",
    "name": "Suon Kosal",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Execution of my father:",
      "description": "In late 1978, my father, Pun Yem, was taken away and killed along the Stung Sen River in Kampong Thom Province. Unknown Communist (Red Khmer) ordered my father to work with them at the provincial town of Kampong Thom. I do not know the details of the killing. My father was accused of stealing a cow in the village. In fact, he did not steal anything and he worked hard. I learned about the incident from my mother. Before he was killed along the Stung Sen River, my father was tied up, exposed to the hot sun, and starved for three days. They used a bamboo stick to beat him down to the Stung Sen River. My mother told me this story, but this is all I recall. Under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, I was a small child and did not know any stories about what was happening."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0089",
    "name": "San Huong",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19370801",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor:",
      "description": "In 1975, I was forced to carry cow dung in order to make fertilizer for use in the paddy fields. The assignment came from a combatant chief named Pring, who ordered people to work according to his will. I do not know why I was ordered to make fertilizer, nevertheless I had to accomplish the assigned task. I walked everywhere and collected cow dung and then mixed it with earth from termite mounds..\nAfter that I searched for Kom Phlok [a kind of water plant] flowers to mix with the cow dung, and Antreangkhet, [a kind of tree], to make fertilizer for use in the paddy fields. Later on, trees were uprooted to enlarge the paddy fields so the fields would yield three tons per hectare. Next, I carried earth at Chong Sdo Village and then north of Krasaing Kha Village. From Pisak [the 6th month of lunar calendar] to Ches [the 7th month of lunar calendar], I made fertilizer because there was no water and the land had not been plowed. Rice seedlings were transplanted during Ches-Asad [the 7th and 8th month of lunar calendar]. Then the paddy fields needed to be tended by pulling out the grass. (Rubbish was removed from the fields when there was a flood.) For the early rice crop, I needed to transplant rice seedlings and thresh rice. When the rain came, I needed to carry the earth to build the dike.\nIn the dry season, I husked and pounded rice. I worked in a group comprised of twelve people.   I do not know who the group chief was. An elderly woman named Kann was the head unit chief; an elderly woman named Khim was her deputy; and Khan was a member of the working group.\nIn 1976, seven months after giving birth to my child, I had to do farming, build rice dikes, and prevent water from damaging the rice dikes. A friend (unknown name), seeing me carrying my child, asked me, “Where are you going?� I do not know where that friend came from but she stopped me from going the far distance to the farm fields.  Thom, who worked in the dining hall, asked me not to transplant rice seedlings far away from the dining hall, but to do it somewhere near the dining hall. I do not know why I was given these orders. If I did this assigned task, they said that I acted against them. But if I did not do it, I would have nothing to eat. I think that upper level Communist (Red Khmer) ordered me to work extremely hard even though I didn’t receive adequate food from the people who worked in the dining hall."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0090",
    "name": "Um Nuon",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "Execution:",
      "description": "In 1975, my husband was arrested while being evacuated out of Kampong Thom provincial town. At the time, we were evacuated by Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers. I do not know why my husband was arrested. I learned from my relatives’ husband that my husband had been taken away and killed. My relatives told me not to have hope that my husband might have survived. He was arrested on the accusation of being a Republican soldier."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0091",
    "name": "Uk Yuon",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19420709",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Pagoda",
    "details": {
      "title": "Property destruction:",
      "description": "I am Uk Yuon, aged 66, currently living in Chhouk Ramduol Village, Tipou Commune, Santuk District, Kampong Thom Province. I would like to describe my experience under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime.\nThe Communist (Red Khmer) took my cow, destroyed my house and used the wood from my house to construct a warehouse for rice storage.  They took my plates and pots to be used collectively. This incident took place in 1975, three months after they took control of Chhouk Romduol Village. A base chief whose name I do not recall collected all the property. I do not know why he did so."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0092",
    "name": "Phoeuk Phy",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19500709",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "I am Phoeuk Phy, currently living in Chhouk Romduol Village, Tipou Commune, Santuk District, Kampong Thom Province. Under the Pol Pot regime, the living conditions in my commune seemed to be better than that of other places because, from my experience, we had almost enough food to eat. We ate rice soup in the morning and rice in the evening. Though it was not enough, it was good for us. We were forcibly put to work.",
      "description": "Forced labor:\nFrom 1975 until the liberation by the Vietnamese troops, I was ordered to do farming during the rainy season and harvest the paddy fields. Then the other villagers and I were ordered to clear the forest and grow potatoes and other crops. We worked from six a.m. to ten a.m., before receiving a ration to eat. After a short break, we then worked until five p.m. before having dinner. At that time, Phai, the village chief, ordered everyone to go to work. I do not know why they made all villagers work together. I just did what I was told to do. At one point (I do not recall the year), two and a half months after I had given birth to my child, Phai ordered his militiamen to assign me to transplant rice seedlings. Since I had to transplant the rice seedlings, I had no one to look after my child. Instead, the elderly people in the village looked after my child."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0093",
    "name": "Ma Mut",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1933",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Pagoda & well",
    "details": {
      "title": "Homicide:",
      "description": "Under the Republican regime, my second child, Ma Kong, was ordained as a monk at Thlong Pagoda. When the Communist (Red Khmer) came to power in 1975, Angkar forced him to leave his monkhood. Three days later, Sap, a Communist (Red Khmer) cadre, forced my son out of Chhouk Romduol Village and relocated him to work in Kampong Cham Province. This incident took place in 1975. Half a year after my son left the village, Sap came to inform me that my son had died as a result of a jack falling down and cutting his legs. The incident took place in Kampong Cham Province. I have no idea why my son was separated from me."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0094",
    "name": "Hean Sok Lim",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19590120",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Mental Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0095",
    "name": null,
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": null,
    "dob": null,
    "job": null,
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0096",
    "name": null,
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": null,
    "dob": null,
    "job": null,
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0097",
    "name": "Ut In",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Statue",
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0098",
    "name": "Sok Hao",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19540509",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School, Well, and Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Execution:",
      "description": "In approximately 1977, while serving as a soldier, I traveled home. Passing the 6 January Dam, I witnessed the 17 April people and Chams being led away. Sometimes, there were four people consisting of the arrested persons and those escorting them. I did not know the victims or the people who were leading them away.  However,  I was aware that the arrested were the 17 April people and the Chams. I learned from my fellow villagers that the arrested were Chams.\nThe executioners probably received their orders from Chan, the male regional chief, and Sorn, the male chief of Traing Krasaing District. Later, Pauk became the regional chief. These three people lived in Ta Phak Region, Pralaing Commune, Baray District, Kampong Thom Province. They arrested and killed those people because they were accused of being feudalists, crop growers, and capitalists. They beat the victims to keep them walking. I am not certain how those people were killed. Under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, people feared that they were being spied upon and were in danger."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0099",
    "name": "Nhep Choeun",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19600201",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Execution:",
      "description": "In 1978, I saw people being taken to be killed at a rubber plantation farm, but I do not recall the name of the village or district. There were two or three people being killed each time. They were blindfolded and their hands were tied behind their back. We could not recognize who they were. Most of the time, people were taken to be killed between five p.m. and six p.m. After witnessing the killing twice, I was sent to fight against the Vietnamese. I do not recall the names of the people who escorted and killed the victims or who the prisoners were.\nLater, I went to fight against the Vietnamese troops in the Eastern Zone. Around that time, the Communist (Red Khmer) killed Saophim, “the Secretary of the Zone or the Chief of the Eastern Zone�. I did not witness the arrest of Saophim.  However, when they killed him, they dragged him around using the car. I do not know what wrongdoing he had committed. Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers arrested and killed him, but I do not know their names. This was in early 1979."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0100",
    "name": "Satt Rin",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "The arrest and detention of my brother at Baray Chorn Dek Prison:",
      "description": "My cousin, Tech Mao, was arrested and detained by the Communist (Red Khmer) at Baray Chorn Dek Prison, located at Kampong Thmar.  By the time this incident took place, he worked in Veal Thom Village, Korky Commune, Baray District, Kampong Thom Province. I do not know who arrested him. I asked him why he was arrested and detained in the prison. In responding to my question, he said he did not know. They accused him of being White Khmer and struggling against the Communist (Red Khmer). He was jailed for one or two months. He informed me that the food ration was insufficient – sometimes he ate morning glory soup and sometimes he ate Pha-ty, [a kind of edible tree leaf]. He told me that the prisoners kept disappearing every night. I think he was able to survive because he was a base person. If he were one of the new people, he would have been executed."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0101",
    "name": "Saom Seng",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19240310",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "Execution:",
      "description": "In 1976, my cousin Ta Em was arrested and taken to be killed at Tipou Village. A villager who lived in Thlong Village informed me about the incident but did not know where Ta Em was taken.  Prior to his arrest and killing, Ta Em was drinking, and drinking was a violation of the rule of Angkar. At that time, I was growing vegetables in Thlong Village next to the Phlong River (Taing Krasaing River). I do not know who killed him or how he was executed. Comrade Ny was the cooperative chief."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0102",
    "name": "Laut Hoeung",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Pagoda",
    "details": {
      "title": "Destruction of Thlong Pagoda:",
      "description": "While I was walking one day in late 1976 (unknown month), I discovered that Thlong Pagoda had been destroyed. Militiamen (who came from an unknown village, commune, and district) destroyed the pagoda, removing the wall of the pagoda to build a dining hall. The Buddha statues were demolished. The pagoda compound was left in unusable condition. I do not know why the pagoda was destroyed, and I am not certain whether it was an order from the upper level Communist (Red Khmer). In addition to Thlong Pagoda, houses were also destroyed."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0103",
    "name": "Nhep Mon",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19400728",
    "job": "Village chief",
    "reparation": "Mental hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor:",
      "description": "From 1976 on, the Communist (Red Khmer) forced me to do farming at Veal Kraom in Santuk District. At the time, I received orders from Ta Say, who is deceased. He ordered me to plow ten hectares of paddy fields per morning, using ten plows. If I was unable to complete this task, they would punish me by decreasing my rations. Additionally, they made me transplant rice seedlings during the rainy season and harvest the paddy fields during the dry season. They allowed me to take only an hour off for a short lunch break, then put me to work until nighttime. They also put me to work uprooting trees and hauling the timber in order to build a school. I was assigned to provide four logs per day."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0104",
    "name": "Y Ly",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19571209",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Disappearance of my father :",
      "description": "After the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers liberated Phnom Penh in 1975, my father, Hang Sy, about forty-six or forty-seven years of age, was the cooperative chief of Phlong Tipo  Village. Prior to 1975, in approximately 1973 or 1974, Republican soldiers evacuated my uncle and other villagers to Kampong Thom provincial town. Later, after the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers took charge of Kampong Thom provincial town, my uncle returned to the village. My uncle, Nhe, who is my father’s brother-in-law, was arrested by commune militiamen (whose names I do not recall) and brought to meet the security chief named Mi. He has never been seen since. People said that he was executed because he had joined in with Republican soldiers after being deported by the Republican soldiers to Kampong Thom provincial town.\nI do not know who killed my uncle. When my father discovered that his brother-in-law had been arrested and killed by the security police, my father escaped from the village and enlisted as a soldier in another village of Ty PO Commune, located in Kampong Thom Province. After this incident took place, we never heard from my uncle again. I am not certain whether my uncle has disappeared or was executed by the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers. Moreover, I do not know who arrested him or how he was killed. I do know that if my father had lived in Thlong Village, he would have been arrested and accused of being involved with the enemy – the Republican soldiers – and executed just as my uncle was.\nExecution:\nDuring the rainy season in late 1978, my colleagues and I from the mobile work unit saw district militia forces take about fifteen prisoners, consisting of the 17 April people and Chams, by boat along the 6 January Dam. Those prisoners were taken to be executed and dropped into a well at Kares field, located in Srae Ako Village, Boeng Lvea Commune, Santuk District, Kampong Thom Province. Two district militia men came to borrow two hoes from a group of people who worked in the mobile unit. At that time, I was building the dam. Around thirty people witnessed the incident.\nAbout nine a.m., the district militia forces escorted the prisoners who were to be killed. The prisoners were comprised of women, men, and youth whose hands were not tied with rope. The Communist (Red Khmer) militia forces escorted the prisoners to the well, hit them on the back of the neck with the hoe, and dropped them into the well. My colleagues and I witnessed the incident while we were working. I think that the Communist (Red Khmer) district militia forces intentionally wanted us to see the incident because it would serve as a threat to everyone not to challenge their group or be lazy with work. I am not certain why the district militia forces wanted to kill the 17 April people and people whose parents had served as high ranking officials in the previous regime. The people who were executed were probably Chams."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0132",
    "name": "Sann Se",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19610613",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Death of my father, Lok Sann:",
      "description": "In approximately 1978, my father, Lok Sann, was executed by the Communist (Red Khmer) in Po Phlouk Village, Sam Proch Commune, Stong District , Kampong Thom Province. I learned of this incident from my mother. The communal security police who came to arrest my father were Hap, Ann, and Poul. At that time, my father was accused of stealing potatoes. However, the truth was that he went fishing with the hope of catching a few fish to eat because he was suffering from starvation.\nI think they disliked my father because he was a new person. My mother was present to witness my father being arrested. Lauy Phan, a neighbor, also witnessed the incident. They arrested him, took him to the security center, and ordered him to carry water. My mother witnessed this incident. The security center was next to my mother’s house, and she heard my father scream when he was tortured. When he carried water, my mother saw that his face was swollen and burned by the torchlight.\nFive or six days later, my father died. His body was covered by sugar palm leaves in the security center. At that time, my mother was working far away at her worksite, and she did not witness the incident. Village people informed her that the Communist (Red Khmer) had tied my father’s body with a rope and pulled him into a pit."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0133",
    "name": "Vann Nhil",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Execution:",
      "description": "In 1977, my younger brother, Vann Voeun, was killed by the Communist (Red Khmer). He was taken to be executed by commune security police in Kraom Chamnakk Village, Chamna Leu Commune, Stong District, Kampong Thom Province. Those who captured and killed my younger brother were:\n1.\tHap, male, currently living in Mea Village, San Na-ya, Sam Proch,\n2.\tKa-Uon, male, deceased\nThese two people were the executioners who killed my younger brother. I do not know why they captured and executed him. I am not certain about the killing. My younger sister, Vann Nouy, told me that our elder brother had been taken to be executed.\nUnder the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, my father also died from starvation."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0134",
    "name": "Chim Chun",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1945",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Ceremony Hall",
    "details": {
      "title": "Detention:",
      "description": "One day in late 1977 or early 1978, as I was walking through a forest behind the cooperative of Stong District, I saw a jackfruit next to the trail. I reported this to Tann, the group chief. However, Tann accused me of stealing the jackfruit. Then they arrested and detained me in Tuol Phlorng Security Center for seven days. After that, they sent me to the detention center at Champa Krom. I was detained for approximately two or three months and suffered from malnutrition. I do not know the people who supervised the detention center."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0135",
    "name": "Nut Chhoeun",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Evacuation:",
      "description": "In 1975, villagers in Chambak Khpuos Village and I were evacuated to Por Phlouk Village. I do not know the reason for this evacuation. Communist (Red Khmer) (four to five security police) evacuated all people out of Chambak Khpuos Village. During the evacuation, people took with them only a few bags of clothes and there was no confrontation on the part of the villagers.  In the village, I ate with my family.  However, after the evacuation, there was collective eating only.  Those evacuated were Nuon Tean (deceased); Ok Moeng (deceased; Kakk Yann (deceased); Loch San, female; Sun Kuon, male; Chheng Chhou, male; Pum Sai, female; Ty Yoeun, female; Lim Thao (deceased); Ty Kakk, male; It Ny, female; Sim An (deceased); Thim Lean, female; Phoun Pech (deceased); Thi Lang (deceased); Ham Sambath (male); It Nang (deceased); Non Not (male); Seng Then (deceased); Sea Lai (male); Pum Nim (deceased); Pum Tam (deceased); Not Ton (deceased); and many other families living in Chambak Khpuos.  Currently, these people still live in Chambbakk Khpuos Village."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0136",
    "name": "Kung Naut",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19480918",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Torture:",
      "description": "Under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, I was tortured on four occasions by being tied up and beaten with a stick.  Chheng, the cooperative chief, beat me because when I was tending the buffalo, I let them eat rice, and this was not beneficial for the cooperative. I was beaten four times with a stick and taken to the communal office at Kok Svay Village for five days. I was not allowed to walk freely during my five-day-detention, before being released. Then I returned to tend the buffalo again.\nI was so terrified during the Communist (Red Khmer) regime that I suffer from poor memory until the present day.\nYoeuk, an evacuee from Phnom Penh, was tortured by being bitten by red ants because he stole rice from the cooperative. This incident took place in 1976. I saw Yoeuk scream loudly throughout the whole village, asking for help. However, no one dared to help him, and the red ants bit him to death. I do not know who tortured him with this technique."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0137",
    "name": "Tei Moeuk",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1937",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Execution:",
      "description": "Four of my six siblings died:\n-\tTei Phoeun, my first elder brother, died from starvation in 1975. The cooperative chief was Lo (who came from O Ramchek). My oldest brother was starved because he had a fever and was unable to work , so the cooperative starved him to death. I was present to see him and bury his body.\n-\tTei Prin, my second elder brother, contracted malaria while he was chopping down trees in the forest in 1975. Lo ordered him to chop down the trees. After returning from the forest, my brother contracted malaria. I buried his body to the north of Pou Pagoda.  In 1979, I dug up his body and held a religious ceremony for him.\n-\tTei Khin, my third elder sister, died as a result of a miscarriage, and I buried her body at Sauphy construction site. Kha, the chief of the construction site at Sauphy Dam, overworked her until she suffered a miscarriage in 1976.\n-\tTei Thean, my fourth elder sister, died from food poisoning after eating toad’s gall bladder at Sauphy construction site. This incident took place in 1976. Thean was starved and that is why she ate toad and was poisoned to death.\nI saw four to ten people leaving Kok Snay Village to go to the fields and grow potatoes. Instead of being taken to grow potatoes, they were taken to a high school (now known as Raksmey Sohoan High School). Their hands were tied behind their backs and they were marched toward the high school. An elderly woman named Say (an evacuee from Phnom Penh) was among the group of people whom I saw being taken to be executed. This incident took place in 1976. Because the elderly woman named Say had taken gold from my wife, Bun Yen, I recognized the clothing she was wearing.  The following morning, a person named Kha brought Say’s shirt to my wife and gave it to her as a gift.  Say never returned."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0138",
    "name": "Ean At",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road & school",
    "details": {
      "title": "Execution:",
      "description": "During the harvesting month of 1976, I worked in a mobile unit of Stong District , building a dam at Stung Chynit (Kampong Thma), Baray District, Kampong Thom Province. I witnessed the killing of two people (unknown names) in a forest next to Stung Chynit. The incident took place at about nine a.m . I secretly went to watch four Region 42 combatants escorting two victims to be executed. I saw the combatants beat the victims with a stick. The combatants beat each victim three times with the stick. After the killing, the combatants sliced open two of the victims’ stomachs, removed the livers, and brought the livers back to their base located south of Stung Chynit. The combatants did not see me. I dared not inform anyone, as I was fearful of being executed. I was very scared while I was witnessing the killing. I do not know why the regional combatants captured and executed the victims. I had never known the victims. I was the only one who witnessed the incident – no one else did. The combatants buried their bodies in a pit in the forest.\nApproximately three months later, I was sent to serve in a transport unit in Lvea Cooperative, Samproch Commune, Stong District ."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0139",
    "name": "Sim Yan",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19470503",
    "job": "Village",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Execution:",
      "description": "In 1977, villagers, including my elder brother, were captured and taken away by cooperative security police. This incident took place during the nighttime. They were accused of being enemies who betrayed Angkar. However, I do not know who arrested them. The morning after the incident, I learned that villagers, including my brother, had disappeared.\nIn addition, I saw security policemen named Hap, Hoeung, and others capture Sann, who lived in the village. They executed him in an area next to the village. I witnessed this incident. They accused Sann of stealing potatoes. Today, Hap is still alive and lives in Ampil Village, Samproch Commune. I think that Hap and Hoeung arrested my brother.\nThere are many other stories of suffering, but I just want to mention these severe experiences which I faced under the Pol Pot regime, which was a dark regime."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0140",
    "name": "Huot Takk",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1969",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Mental hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Starvation:",
      "description": "In 1977, my mother went to ask an elderly man named Buon, who was the cooperative chief, for some rice for my grandfather, who was exhausted and sick. Buon told my mother to wait until he finished his meal and then, if he had any food left, he would give it to her. This incident took place in Soa Poa Village, Chamna Krom Commune, Stong District , Kampong Thom Province. My two grandfathers died from malnutrition.\nEven though I was just a child, the Communist (Red Khmer) ordered me to do the farming. As for everyone, the ration was not enough nutrition for me. The worst suffering was the forced labor with insufficient food at meals. Because they did not give my two grandfathers rice to eat, they both became sick and died."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0141",
    "name": "Sun Korn",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19310313",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Imprisonment:",
      "description": "In late 1975, I was arrested by security staff (unknown names) of Stong District at Spean Lakk in Kampong Thom Province. This incident took place at three p.m. At that time, I had been evacuated to Spean Lakk, along with fifty-sixty other families, comprising a total of two hundred to three hundred people.  Four security guards captured me and brought me to Nakta Samrech office, located in Tum Pech Village. A majority of people taken there were killed by the security personnel. There were two big, long buildings in this detention center. The security staff divided male and female prisoners into different groups and shackled them. Each week, prisoners were interrogated two to three times. The security staff accused me of being a Republican soldier but I do not know who made the accusation or ordered my arrest. What I know is that they were Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers.\nI was detained for twenty-nine days. The security staff did not make me do anything.  My legs and ankles were shackled, along with those of approximately twenty other male prisoners. Out of the twenty prisoners detained there, only two prisoners survived –An Tit, my in-law, and me. Those executed were accused of being Republican soldiers. Soeun, the district chief who knew me, filed the document to release me. I do not know how the security staff killed the prisoners. So many people were taken for execution. During my detention, I received only a pumpkin bowl of watery gruel with less than a spoonful of rice grain. I ate two meals per day – one was in mid afternoon and the other one was at five p.m. I was given water to drink only once a day. After Soeun wrote his report to the security office, I was released. After getting out of prison, I was very skinny – there was only skin covering my bones. Siem, the village chief (deceased), ordered me to do only easy tasks, for example, fishing in Tonle Sap Lake using a trou [a kind of fishing instrument consisting of a long round cage made of bamboo strips and tapered at both ends].  Then I began to have some food, such as fish, to eat."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0142",
    "name": "Born Chheav",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Village chief",
    "reparation": "Road and statue",
    "details": {
      "title": "Detention and torture:",
      "description": "In late 1975, I was detained in the security center of Ta Treal District for a month and five days because some cows died while I was transporting sheaves of rice to Chamna Krom Pagoda, located in Chamnar Krom in Stong District . I was tortured by O and Veun, security police, while they questioned what I did during the Republican regime. I was desperate as a result of the torture, and I answered that I used to manage ten houses.\nApproximately ten days later, I was interrogated again regarding why the cows died while under my care. During the interrogation, the security police made notes of every word I said. Then they shackled me inside the detention center. I saw forty prisoners, all men, being detained there with me. Women were detained in a separate building. I asked other prisoners the reasons for their detention, and most of the answers were the same as mine – destroying Angkar. However, some prisoners were accused of being CIA agents, capitalists, reactionaries, and former civil servants. Most of them died from the extreme torture. A prisoner shackled next to me died after two days of  being tortured by the security police.\nIn January 1976, all prisoners were released and returned to their village to do the farming with other villagers. Before their release, the chief of the detention center (whose name I do not recall) required all prisoners to attend a meeting at which he stated that all prisoners had better tell no one about their experiences in the detention center.  It must be kept secret."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0143",
    "name": "Born Phon",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road and statue",
    "details": {
      "title": "Detention and torture:",
      "description": "In Kakdoek [the 12th month of lunar calendar] of 1975, I was detained in the communal prison, which was the house of an elderly woman named Mok.  It was located in Po Phlot Commune, Stong District I was detained there for one whole day . After I escaped from the prison, I was detained at Spean Srak of Chamnar Krok Commune, on the accusation of allowing the cows to eat rice in the paddy fields. This detention lasted for one night and a day only.\nNext, I escaped from that place again. Eventually, I was detained at a security center of Po Phlouk Commune, on the accusation of escaping from the prison. The communal security chief was Hap. I was brutally tortured by security police who used a stick to beat my body and the nape of my neck.\nAt approximately twelve p.m. on the day I was tortured, Hap ordered his security police to untie Chhorn, another  prisoner, and take him to be executed (unknown place).\nTwo days later, the security police released me and put me to work at Tuol Ta Yeung worksite of Chamnar Krom Commune.\nIn the prison, I saw approximately ten prisoners. At that time, I was sixteen years old. To some degree, I knew that prisoners were detained because of stealing and harming Angkar.\nIn the same year (1975), my elder brother, Chhorn, was brutally beaten by his group chief. He was accused of stealing potatoes which belonged to Angkar. After returning home, he died from the injuries he sustained in the beating. My elder brother was beaten at Ta Yeung worksite of Chamnar Krom Commune. I witnessed the incident with my own eyes, because I was working with him.\nAside from these events, I never witnessed any other incidents because I worked in a district mobile unit, and the mobile unit moved often to work on different projects in Stong District."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0144",
    "name": "Ul Ort",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19530715",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Woman statue",
    "details": {
      "title": "Conscription:",
      "description": "In 1970, soldiers serving in the propaganda section (whose names I remember ) forcibly enlisted me in the army and forced me to fight in battles after two or three days of their propaganda. I received military training in a forest near Sambo Preykok Temple along with approximately thirty other soldiers. ( I forget the name of the trainer.) I served in Battalion 18 of Zone 304. After one month of training, I was sent to fight against Republican soldiers in Kampong Cham, Kampong Thom, Kampong Chhnang, and Phnom Penh.  My battalion had DK 102 and Artillery 105. The upper level division chief, Duch, aka Khuon, never informed the armed soldiers of the overall strategy, but assigned soldiers to fight in different places.\nOn April 17, I entered Phnom Penh, carrying out the order given from Duch, the division chief, to evacuate residents out of the city within just three days in order to prepare the city before allowing them to return. I doubted the reasons he gave for evacuating the city and leaving the houses empty.   My task was to protect the city and avoid gunfire.\nTwo weeks later, my battalion received an order which stated that the defense of the country had been achieved, now it was time to rebuild our country. Ran, serving in the battalion, replaced our rifles with hoes. I did the farming without any cows. In one battalion, there were twelve members in one group who had to dig up one hectare of paddy field per day. One can of rice was given to three people. There was not enough food for me to eat. During that time, I became a typist in Phnom Penh because my leg become injured during the fighting and did not recover. I made name list of youth serving in each unit .  This task lasted for almost two years. Everyday, when we did the farming, two security policemen (whose names I did not know) came to arrest at least two combatants working in each unit. I do not know where the security policemen took them -- to receive an education or to be killed.  One day, the regiment dismissed Comrade Ran for reasons unknown to me and replaced him with Sim, a former soldier of the Southwest Zone. Sim stated that the North Zone, including my division, had a CIA network. This was why some battalions and regiments were removed. (I am not certain about the number.)\nEveryday, Sim investigated activities of traitors and arrested at least two or three people, taking them away by truck so that they disappeared forever. In 1978, Sim went to fight against Yuon ( Vietnamese) at Kandal Chrum in Stung Village, Memot, 207 Barracks, Trapeang Thlong  and then Yuon ( Vietnamese) territory. I fought against the Yuon (Vietnamese) until 1979 and then escaped through O Reang Ov, Prey Veng, then to the west of Kampong Cham (Prek Torting), walking through Preh Damrei to Kampong Thom Province. Terrified, I ran away and left my rifle behind. I think the military leaders had a plan, but the commander did not let the soldiers know about anything except the fighting. I never dared touch any material, and that is why I have survived until now.\nWhen I arrived in Kampong Thom Province, I became terrified because I had always been in the battlefields and was not aware that large numbers of innocent people in the villages and communes had been executed. I was busy defending the battlefields and did not know that the leadership of the Pol Pot regime had caused the deaths of many innocent people. My house and cattle were confiscated as collective property, and a pillar of my house was used as firewood and to build a rice grange. When I returned, there was nothing left. Surely, I did not know about the killing of people all over the country."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-KT0145",
    "name": "Thim Lean",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Statue and school",
    "details": {
      "title": "Arrest and Imprisonment of my Husband, Sim Nan:",
      "description": "During the liberation of Phnom Penh city in 1975, my family and I were evacuated to Po Plouk Village, Sam Proch Commune, Stong District , Kampong Thom Province. Approximately two months after the evacuation, they arrested my husband and all men living in the village and took them to the security center that was located at Nak Ta Svay of Stong District , Kampong Thom Province.\nThere I witnessed people being tied up and questioned about their personal background. My husband used to work in the communal office for Sangkum Reas Niyum regime. However, he lied by informing them that he worked at jobs such as chopping down firewood and carrying water. I think that Monh, the commune chief, ordered security to arrest my husband on the accusation of having served Republican regime. My brother-in-law, Kuon, was detained along with my husband. My husband was jailed for five months before being released. They informed my husband that only the honest people were released, not the dishonest people. However, the truth was that the truly honest people were taken to be executed. I think the people who were executed used to work for the former regime (Republican regime). They accused them of being capitalists. When my husband was released after five months of detention, he was bony. I dared not run to welcome him, because I feared I would be killed."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-PH0001",
    "name": "Huam Ly Mao",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1967",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Well, Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing (learned of the incident from mother and grandmother)",
      "description": "In Rumchek village, under the regime, they saw one family being taken by cart to be executed, though they had not committed any wrongdoing. In Siem Reap Province, my grandmother witnessed widespread killing of people."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-PH0002",
    "name": "Sam Phal",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "pagoda's fence and road to the pagoda",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "In 1975, after Ann relocated me to Bakk Tam Village, Kha Hang captured three people:\n1.\tSam Siphan, male, who has disappeared and never been seen since\n2.\tNhem Phan, male, neighbor, who disappeared\n3.\tChuon  Suong, male, neighbor, who disappeared\nThese three people were forcibly drafted into the army by Kha Hang, and they have disappeared and never again been seen. The reason for the conscription was to force people to go into the forest to liberate the king. They left Daung Village, Rikreay Commune, Rovieng District, Preah Vihear Province.\nThe Communist (Red Khmer) also killed the entire family of my uncle. My uncle lost his family in Taing Kok of Kampong Thom Province. I do not recall the people who informed me about the incident. My uncle was Srei Chhoeun. His wife was Phorng Sina. His daughters were Chetna and Rachana. I am not certain who killed them, and I do not know any other stories."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-PH0003",
    "name": "Khut Ry",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "Killing",
      "description": "After coming to power in 1975, the Communist (Red Khmer) killed my older brother, Khut Thy, a former Republican soldier. My brother disappeared in Nipech Village, Nipech Commune, Prasat Balaing District, Kampong Thom Province. An elderly man named Saut and an elderly woman named Chhin informed my father that the Communist (Red Khmer) had killed the following people:\n1.\tKhut Thy, my brother\n2.\tTaing, male, (major lieutenant)\n3.\tTy, male, a soldier\nThe Communist (Red Khmer) killed three of them in Nipech Village. Their hands were tied behind their backs and they had to walk to their execution which took place in Nipech Village.\nAfter my brother was executed, the security police of Salavisay Commune, Kampong Svay District, Kampong Thom Province, spied on my father, both at home and at work. At nighttime, Pol, a security policeman who used to be the head of a pagoda located in Sre village, came to spy on my father. Currently, Pol lives in Sankor Village, Sankor Commune, Prasat Balaing District, Kampong Thom Province. My brother was arrested because he was a Republican soldier. I do not know any other stories."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-PH0004",
    "name": "Saom Chhun",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19401007",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mention",
    "details": {
      "title": "Confiscated property",
      "description": "My property, consisting of ten cattle, an ox-cart, a bike, one hectare of paddy field, and a house, was taken away and put to use collectively by the Communist (Red Khmer). No private ownership was allowed. Pheat, the commune chief, along with his security police, came to confiscate my property. The incident took place in 1975 in Rumchek Village, Rumany Commune, Rovieng District, but the date is unknown. The reason was also unknown."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-PH0005",
    "name": "Srey That",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19420606",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Imprisonment",
      "description": "Between 1973 and 1975, when the Pol Pot regime took control of Boh Village, Rik Reay Commune, Rovieng District, Preah Vihear Province, Kung Muon (deceased), the district chief, ordered me to do collective farming with other people in the village. My assigned tasks included building a commune dike, farming, transplanting rice seedlings, plowing, digging  and carrying soil. Working hours lasted from seven a.m. to eleven a.m. After having a bowl of rice soup, everyone continued working from one-thirty p.m. to five-thirty p.m. and then again from six p.m. to ten p.m. before ending the workday.\nDuring my work, I never saw my family. My wife, four children (two sons and two daughters), and I lived separately. My wife had to build a dike and farm the land in the community of Boh Village. She did not have enough time to look after my two-year-old daughter, Kann Vang, who was sick due to malnutrition, starvation, and lack of medical treatment. At the time, my wife, Heng Voeu, thirty-five, took my sick daughter to an elderly woman who looked after her, because the community chief named Sang, a male, (deceased), ordered my wife to work and did not allow her to look after our daughter.\nA week later, my nephew, Um Aun, informed me that my daughter had died. I became furious when my daughter died because I never had an opportunity to see her or take care of her while she was sick. Sang, the community chief, said, “There is no need to visit her. You are not a medical staff member. Medical personnel are looking after her.â€�  In fact, there was only rabbit dung medicine used to treat her until she died.\nLater, in 1976, Hang (deceased), the chief of Region 103, ordered every community in the commune organized into two groups of villagers. The first group, most of whom came from ten communes of people in the whole district, were evacuated to B 31, located in O Tumpa District, Preah Vihear Province, on the east side of Kulen Mountain. The second group, consisting only of me, was evacuated to Ovlik Village and lived there for a year. I lived there alone, whereas my family lived in the home village. I built a dike, and transplanted rice seedlings day and night.\nA year later, at twelve p.m. on December 27, 1977, when I was  weaving the earth-moving bucket, a security policeman (whose name I do not recall) said to me, “Brother! Angkar wants you to attend a meeting in the district hall.â€�  I followed the security policeman and got onto the truck. However, six security policemen, armed with rifles and B40 rockets, came out of the forest and held me at gunpoint. Among those six people, I recognized the security center chief of Region 103 whose was named Roeun. I knew that they were soldiers from the Southwest Zone, because they told me so while I was held at gunpoint and forced to get onto the truck.\nAfter getting onto the truck, I saw two people – my cousin, Pol, a farmer, about 37 years old, and Then, a director of Samaky School, which is located in Samaky Commune (he is currently living in Rik Reay Commune). The three of us sat together in the truck, along with six guards, traveling from a dike construction site, located in Ovlik Village, Preal Commune, Rovieng District, to Security Center 103, located in Thnal Keng Village, Sre Thom Commune, Rovieng District, Region 103. We arrived there at five-thirty p.m. When we arrived, one guard came to tie our hands behind our backs and put us into the prison. In the prison, I saw between four to ten emaciated men and women being shackled. The three of us were tied against the pillar.\nA month later, I was shackled and more prisoners, approximately eighty people comprised of men, women, the old, and the young, were being transferred into prison. Everyone, even I, did not know what wrongdoing we had committed. There were no interrogators or torture; we were just shackled and given rice soup two times per day.\nFor a month, sixty-eight people, including men, women, children, and the two people who were captured with me, were sent to a prison located in a provincial town of Siem Reap Province. That prison was a French prison, because I saw the word “Prisonâ€�. Having nine rooms labeled A to I,  the prison was big and had a field outside. During my detention in Siem Reap, a guard named Pronh interrogated me. Pronh accused me, “You belong to the KGB and CIA.  Which day, month, and year did you join them? Who  recruited you? Name? How many people? And where? â€�\nIn response, I said that I knew nothing and no one. When I responded in this way, Pronh hit my head and body while I was tied up and shackled. Each person was interrogated once a week. During my detention, I saw many incidents of torture and execution, such as:\n●\tSuffocation of prisoners with a plastic bag and burning with the flame of a cigarette lighter\n●\tUse of a 10 cm nail to stick a prisoner’s leg with a wooden board\n●\tTying of prisoners’ hands to their legs so they could be hung on a mango tree and beaten with a stick\n●\tDeliberate rape of women, both single and married, by two to three guards. (One woman, crying, informed me about the incident. Some women were raped for one or two years until they became pregnant and gave birth in the prison.)\n●\tI saw Khim and Se, sons of a person who worked on the Standing Committee, use a hammer and shoes to beat the heads of elderly prisoners, whose ages were between fifty and sixty."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-PH0006",
    "name": null,
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": null,
    "dob": null,
    "job": null,
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-PH0007",
    "name": "Kim Prum",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19450212",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Depend on the judges",
    "details": {
      "title": "Property destruction",
      "description": "When they came to power in 1975, the Communist (Red Khmer) forced people to live a cooperative. They confiscated and destroyed my property, including nine cows, a cart, a house, and other belongings in the house. These items were also used as collective property. Because the leaders stated that we needed to share the property collectively, people who challenged them would be taken for re-education. Seth, the cooperative chief, ordered his people to collect the property from my house. I did not witness the incident, but my wife informed me about what happened when I arrived in the village."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-PH0008",
    "name": "Chap Lay",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19491204",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "pagoda",
    "details": {
      "title": "Starvation and forced labor",
      "description": "Beginning in 1976, the Communist (Red Khmer) starved me. They gave me only rice soup mixed with vegetables, including papaya, bamboo shoots, and banana, mixed up together. The Communist (Red Khmer) gave us two meals per day, lunch and dinner. We were provided only one bowl at each of these meals.\nAt that time, they put me to work at a construction site of Dike 109, located in Sammaky Commune (during the Communist (Red Khmer) regime), Rikreay Commune (current regime), Rovieng District, Kampong Thom Province (during the Communist (Red Khmer)), now located in Preah Vihear Province. The Communist (Red Khmer) put me to work there carrying earth and building dikes. During the regime, I was about eighteen or nineteen years old.\nThe Communist (Red Khmer) forced me to work all day without relief, until approximately ten p.m. or midnight, before going to bed. Since I was young, I did not know the name of the chief of the construction site.\nI was almost killed because I stole some sugar. About the time of the 1978 harvest season, I was taken for re-education (a meeting for criticizing group members), because the Communist (Red Khmer) found out that I had stolen sugar. The Communist (Red Khmer) took me for re-education, because Kol (deceased), the unit chief, reported the incident to the upper level,  Pum, the construction site chief.  After being taken for re-education two times, I dared not steal anything more, fearing that the Communist (Red Khmer) would execute me. I stole the sugar because I was starving. The Communist (Red Khmer) relocated me to Mong Russei District, Battambang Province."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-PH0011",
    "name": "Sam Soeun",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19510401",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Detention",
      "description": "In approximately 1978, I was imprisoned in a security center of Choam Ksan Village, Choam Ksan Commune, Choam Ksan District, Preah Vihear Province. At that time, they accused me of being a member of the Vietnam Workers’ Party (VWP). The two people who accused me, Yorn and Peng, both came from the Southwest Zone. ( I recall only two people.) I was detained for fifteen days. I was shackled with the other prisoners. There were approximately fifteen prisoners in the prison, mostly women, some of whom were accompanied by children. I recall one single woman (whose name I do not remember) being interrogated. I heard her scream during the interrogation. The following morning, she died. The prison belonged to the division, and the chief was Sy, whose wife, Kiry, was the chief of Choam Ksan District.  Kiry told the guards not to mistreat me. Kiry and I had never known each other before. I do not know why she helped me.\nAt that time, I was in charge of  telegram of Battalion 311. The battalion chiefs were Sim (in charge of politics) and Yatt (in charge of economics). These  two people were captured, taken away and replaced by Peng and Yorn, whom I have mentioned above. These  two people were taken for seven days of re-education. I informed them when they left that they would not return, but they did not believe me. I heard that they all died. I was the last person to be arrested.\nPreah Vihear had been an autonomous region until 1977 or 1978, when it was incorporated into the North Zone. The autonomous region received the same supplies as the standing committee, which was more than that received at the zone level. Preah Vihear was suspected of harboring enemies, so the Communist (Red Khmer) sent people from the Southwest Zone to take control of the area.\nLater, a former soldier was detained in the prison with me and he informed me that he was tortured and mistreated. I do not recall people who were detained in the prison, nor do I know their whereabouts."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-PH0012",
    "name": null,
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": null,
    "dob": null,
    "job": null,
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-PH0013",
    "name": "Daung Long",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "Execution",
      "description": "In 1977, I saw Laut, the security chief of Region 103, arrest six people accused of being CIA spies and take them to be executed.   Bamboo and sticks were used as killing tools. Most people taken to be executed were civil servants or soldiers during the Republican regime. I do not know people who were taken away by security to be executed ten meters from one another.\nThe security center was located in Anlong Svay Village, Rahas Commune, Rovieng District, Preah Vihear Province. I saw an incident in Daung Village. Five people, accused of being American CIA agents, were executed in one pit.  Ann, in charge of the autonomous area, took people away and killed them."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-PH0014",
    "name": "Sleh Matt",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "Interview conducted by phone with Mr. Sleh Matt, at the Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam) on April 26, 2009, from 03:08 p.m. to 03:30 p.m.",
      "description": "Interviewed by Kimsroy Sokvisal\nThirty-three relatives lost\nIn 1978, all of my relatives, thirty-three in total, except my immediate family, were taken to be killed by the Communist (Red Khmer) in O Trakuon Pagoda, Peam Chikang Commune, Kang Meas District, Kampong Cham Province. My family and I did not witness the incident. I learned of this incident only after the fall of Pol Pot, upon returning to our home village. The person who informed us of this incident was Mean, who currently lives in Sambo Meas Village, Peam Chikang Commune, Kang Meas District, Kampong Cham Province. I want to clarify that Mean was the only Cham who was able to escape the slaughter in Sambo Meas village. All Chams who lived in this village were executed. Mean was also taken to be executed, but fortunately he escaped the slaughter. Mean said that the Communist (Red Khmer) took Cham people by cart to O Trakuon Pagoda and killed them using hoes and sticks. I do not know why they slaughtered Chams. The perpetrator was Teal, currently living in Sambo Meas Village, Peam Chikang Commune, Kang Meas District. He is now a civil servant. During the Pol Pot regime, he was an executioner. My relatives who died are:\n●\tEl Aisah (aunt)\n●\tKin (El Aisah’s husband)\n●\tSarah ( daughter of El Aisah and Kin)\n●\tMai Yum (cousin)\n●\tEl Sa (Mai Yum’s husband)\n●\tSa Sim ( my father’s cousin)\nThere are many other relatives whose names I do not recall, but my mother and other family members know this information.\nRequest to Change"
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-PS0010",
    "name": "Meas Sary",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected March 24, 2009",
      "description": "From 1975 to 1979, the mosque in Banteay Prey was closed and no Chams were allowed to worship. The Communist (Red Khmer) used the mosque as a warehouse to store salt. I learned of this incident from my mother, Nhoa (currently living in this village). She did not inform me who ordered the Communist (Red Khmer) leaders to close down the mosque.\nMoreover, she did not know who was the village chief, the unit chief, or the security police chief during the regime. Religion was eliminated. My mother informed me that the Communist (Red Khmer) prohibited our people from worshiping. Those found worshiping were taken for re-education. Those taken for re-education never returned. They did not allow us to hold traditional wedding ceremonies.  The Communist (Red Khmer) just called up couples to grasp each other’s hands and pronounced them married immediately. She stated that Angkar implemented the principle of closing down the mosques and prohibiting people from worshiping. I do not know who Angkar is."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-PS0011",
    "name": "Sae Yaup",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19491008",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 20, 2009",
      "description": "Lost relatives:\nMy brother, Sae Kop, escaped to Vietnam with me in 1975. However, in 1976, after being informed that our parents were executed by the Communist (Red Khmer), he returned to our homeland. After the fall of the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, an elderly man named Lon (deceased) informed me that when my brother arrived home (at Prek Tol, Teuk Thla Commune), the Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers captured him, tied his hands behind his back, and brought him to Tumpeang Lapo Prison.\nI think that he was arrested because they had also arrested our parents. The elderly man named Lon, a cook in the commune dining hall, witnessed the incident. My brother has disappeared and never been seen since. I think he is dead. I do not know who ordered the arrest. Lon informed me that young Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers, who could not even carry their rifles properly, arrested my brother and took him away.\nI knew that Morn was a Communist (Red Khmer) in charge of the region and district. A majority of Cham families died. I was informed that being taken away meant death.  I learned that my brother was taken to Tumpean Lapo Prison (in Tumpeang Lapo Village, Kok Tauch Commune, (former name), but I am not sure exactly where."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-RK0001",
    "name": "Napp Bun Heng",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19540914",
    "job": "Head of Cabinet of Rattanakiri provincial hall",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "We endured terrible living conditions, with no education, in O Rasap Village.",
      "description": "My younger sister’s in-law, Phann Ly, was executed on the accusation of acting freely and not doing the assigned tasks. The incident took place in 1976 at Khmoch Mountain (adjacent to Kaun Mom district hall.) The local authority and cooperative cadres arrested my younger sister’s in-law.\nWe learned of this incident because we passed O Torting construction site (Lum Phat District). The people at that site were base  people of different nationalities, and included the young and the old.\nPeople were not categorized, but the ethnic minorities (Kroeng, Pro, Tum Puon, Charay) were assigned to do the farming. A production unit was part of the cooperative. There were lots of Kroeng in Region 5.  In Kaun Mom cooperative, there was no freedom at all. We lived according to the rules set by Angkar.  The house was small, and it could not exceed three meters by four meters,  because that was the size limit set by Angkar.\nNo ethnic groups were allowed to follow their traditions, because that was the Communist (Red Khmer) policy. We had to wear black shirts and trousers; white cloth or other colors needed to be blackened.\nOur music and traditions were eliminated, because only Communist (Red Khmer) art was allowed.\nBuddha statues in Esan Ratanaream Pagoda were destroyed and used to build Vin Sai Road. The people who transported the statues are dead. I learned of this incident from a youth who worked with me. Khmoch Mountain in Kaun Mom District was a killing place, because my cousin was executed there.\nA number of Communist (Red Khmer) was killed by people after 1979, because they implemented a strict policy to evacuate people to the pagoda.\nSao Nguon, a kind former Communist (Red Khmer) cadre, now lives in O Thlong Village, Trapeang Chres Commune, Kaun Mom District."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-RK0002",
    "name": "Kreng Sieng Lea",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Retired",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "In 1976, I worked with Ieng Sary. I was the secretary of Ta Bouk Commune of Ta Veng District. I joined the struggle against Republican, the enemy, supervising villagers to do the farming. Ieng Sary, Son Son, Nuon Chea, Ta Mok, Pol Pot, Vy alias Vong Ya, regional secretary, Sao Phim, Von Vet, and Dom, all worked together.",
      "description": "In 1970,  [he] welcomed Pol Pot who was arriving from Vietnam. I became the secretary of Ta Veng district. Serving in the economic section, I transported and traded product with the Vietnamese. In 1971, the Communist (Red Khmer) took control of the Northeast Zone.\nIn 1972, the Communist (Red Khmer) accused Kan, the secretary of Region 3 of Ta Veng; Lonh, the secretary of Ta Veng Commune; and Kreng Ut, the unit chief of Ta Veng District combatants. All of them were executed at O Braing, because Lonh had a favorable tendency toward the Vietnamese and had ordered people to welcome the Vietnamese.\nHowever, the truth was that Lonh ordered people to take weapons and fight against the Vietnamese. His brother, who had a favorable tendency toward the Vietnamese, was taken to be executed, because he had a connection with Lonh.\nLonh’s messenger informed Lonh’s brother that he would be captured and taken to be executed the following morning. However, he and his family defected to Vietnam.\nThirty people came searching for him and his family, but could not find them because they hid. His family escaped to Vietnam (Kantuy Neak). During the first month, they had to find food on their own. Then the Vietnamese gave them food.\nIn 1974, Bou Thang, Bun My, and Saey Keo escaped to live with them in Vietnam.\nIn 1978,  he was a chief of Yey Pok Commune on the Vietnamese border, where a majority of ethnics from Ta Veng lived. In February 1979,  [He] returned to Ratanakiri."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-RK0003",
    "name": "Kung Chann",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1960",
    "job": "first communal assistant of La Bak Siek",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Phan was the youth chief in Sre Chumro Village, Leay Bo Commune, Tram Kak District, between 1975 and 1976,.  The killing took place in the village. In late 1976, my father was executed, because five or six Communist (Red Khmer) security police came to arrest him at a hospital in Sre Chumro Village, Leay Bo Commune. An elderly man named Saing, the commune chief, captured my father. Since my father knew in advance that he would be killed, he defended himself and then committed suicide by stabbing himself with a knife (a knife used to slice fruit).  He stabbed his stomach nine times and then the security police dragged him to the place of execution. My mother and I were there when the incident took place. My father was arrested on the accusation of being a Republican policeman.",
      "description": "My father was buried by Saom, a village chief, who stated that there was only one body in the grave adjacent to Srah Knong of Sre Chumro Village. Soeun, who currently lives in Trapeang Trach Khang Cheung Village, Ang Ta Saom, of Leay Bo Commune, was the executioner.\nAfter 1979, with information provided by Saom, my father’s friend, I exhumed my father’s body and buried it elsewhere. My friends, Mit and Kaey, were executed in 1977 in Trapeang Angkor, Leay Bo Commune, on the accusation that they were going to learn how to grow mushrooms. After walking quite far, they were tied up, executed, and pushed into a grave by Soeun. I witnessed the incident. Kim Von was a Pol Pot cooperative chief who lived in that village.\nEven though I was a 17th April person, my living conditions were better than others because I could drive. My aunt, Him Trik, was fully aware of the killing in Ang Ta Saom.\nIn 1976, I was accused of committing a moral offense and was detained, because I talked to women. Then, a battalion chief who supervised all youth in Tram Kak District, arrested and detained me. Two women, Mom and Sovann (alive,) who were living in Baray Commune, Daun Keo District, were captured. I was detained and brought to Khna Pagoda, a security center of the battalion, located in Leay Bo Commune. I was interrogated and beaten about the head with shoes, and told that I had interrupted their work. After the interrogation, I was given rice to eat. They interrogated me once a day. The division chief of Kampong Ampil, Comrade Nav (female) helped to get me released."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-RK0004",
    "name": "Pev Vil",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Commune chief",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "My lost property included cattle, a house, a jar, and elephants.  Our traditions, consisting of praying and dedicating foods to Arak [ghost spirit], Nak Ta [guarding spirit], as well as other ethnic traditions, were eliminated. Following orders from the regional level, the leaders prohibited us from following our traditions. The upper level Angkar collected our property. If we did not give it to them, they would kill us.",
      "description": "In 1977, my cousin, Traing Kravatt, was taken to be executed on the accusation that he was a soldier in Region 102. Separated from his wife, Moeung pretended to be crazy and was arrested as a result.   After the group chief found out that he was malingering, he was captured. Khatt was the region chief and an elderly man named Lumphay Phong was the deputy chief."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SI0001",
    "name": "Sae Maet",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1961011",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 23, 2009",
      "description": "The loss of family members:\nIn February, 1976, my father, Lip Matt, and mother, Kep Py, were evacuated to Kampong Chhnang Province by the Communist (Red Khmer). At that time, they evacuated us from Babos Village, Samrong Commune to Kampong Chhnang. I do not know who ordered the evacuation.\nAfter 1979, I asked a person (whose name I do not recall) about my parents and they informed me that my parents were executed by the Communist (Red Khmer) in Kampong Chhnang. I do not know who the executioners were, who ordered the killing, or where they were executed. In 1977, all of the family members of my brother, Matt Sann, were arrested at Andong Tik Village. At that time, there were two to three Communist (Red Khmer) security police who came to arrest him, tie his hands behind his back, and load him onto the truck. I do not know where he was taken. I do not know who ordered the arrest or who came to arrest him. I learned of this incident from Tes Yah (currently living in Malaysia). My brother’s family was arrested on the accusation of being the enemy of Angkar.\nI do not know where they died. I think that they died, because at the time, being arrested meant death."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SI0002",
    "name": "Sae Maut",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Fisherman",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 23, 2009",
      "description": "Death of my father:\nIn 1977, my father, Toep Sae, died from starvation at home in Sre Ambil Village, Dang Peang Commune, Sre Ampil District, Koh Kong Province. At that time, I worked in the children’s unit of Antiet Village, Ambil District. When my father died, I could not visit him to see his last breath. During that time, the Communist (Red Khmer) assigned him to grow potatoes and farm, just like other people.\nMy mother, Saut Ham (currently living in this village with me) was with my father most of the time and witnessed the incident. He became sick. His legs, arms, and belly got swollen. He was exhausted from eating only watery rice soup, and this is why he died. In the village during that time, there was no medicine. I do not remember who was the village chief when my parents lived there.\nI think that the commune security police caused the death of my father, because he was the chief of farming, supervising all assigned tasks. However, I do not recall his name, because thirty years have passed. I think that the commune security police chief, the farming chief, is responsible for the death of my father.\nI filed the application form to be a complainant, because I am busy with my work. I farm and fish, and I  am not educated. I am not good at speaking. Therefore, I want to file the application form to be a complainant."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SI0003",
    "name": "Makk Sen",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19361206",
    "job": "Village chief",
    "reparation": "Collective reparation",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 21, 2009",
      "description": "In early 1977, my father, El Liman, was captured and taken away from the house (a house which belonged to a base person, who was relocated somewhere else).  The house was located in Prey Thom Village, Touk Meas District. I did not witness the incident, but my younger brother, Matt Tes (who died in the Communist (Red Khmer) regime) did, because he lived with my father. I lived in another village.\nFollowing the arrest of my father that night, my younger brother came to me in the morning and informed me about the incident. They arrested him because “the Communist (Red Khmer) saw him praying in the house.� When the incident took place, two to three security police (young security police) came, but my brother did not tell me their names. My brother followed them and found out that my father was executed at La-ang Mountain. I do not know who is responsible or who ordered those people to kill my father.\nI think that he was killed, because when someone was taken away, it meant they would be executed. Three days later, they came to arrest the family of my brother, Matt Tes, and the family of my cousin, Math Ly, accusing them of being CIA agents. These two families were taken to Romsuoy Mountain. I am not sure whether they were taken for execution or some other reason, but I have never seen them since. A person who witnessed the incident and informed me is El Ary (who has left for the U.S). I do not know who ordered the arrest of the two families or who arrested them.\nBecause I am really busy with my own work, doing the farming, and religious tasks, I want to file the application form to be a complainant. I do not want to travel to Phnom Penh. I think that my participation is enough."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SI0004",
    "name": "Rim Mo Sae",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19640415",
    "job": "Fisherman",
    "reparation": "Collective reparation",
    "details": {
      "title": "During the Republican regime, there were seven members in my family.",
      "description": "Under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, from 1975 to 1979, particularly January 07, we had only three members left; four had died.\n1.\tMy father died from overwork and malnutrition.\n2.\tMy older sibling died from overwork and malnutrition.\n3.\tMy two younger siblings died from starvation.\nMy mother was put to work without being allowed to return home. Under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, when I was about ten years old. I saw a unit chief or security police chief hit someone with the whip and tail of a ray fish, and then cover that person’s face with a plastic bag.\nOne day, in about 1976, Chamreun, a child who worked in my unit, went to cut Antreangkhet in order to make fertilizer. When he came back from finding Antreangkhet  [a kind of tree used to make fertilizer], a female unit chief named Khan ordered the children in the female children’s unit, consisting of approximately a hundred children, to hit and kick Chamreun until he bled from his noise. It was such a tragic incident."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SI0005",
    "name": "Matt Van Mean",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19490101",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Loss of family member:",
      "description": "In late 1977, my younger sister, Yatt Yam, died from starvation and exhaustion at Phnom Tauch Hospital (Phnom Tauch Village, Boeng Taprum).  I lived in Phnom Tauch, whereas my sister lived in Boeng Tasrei. During that time, I visited my sister once when she was about fifteen years old. My tasks were to do the farming, carry soil, and uproot  trees.\nBefore she was admitted to the hospital, I noticed that my sister had swollen disease. My other sister, Matt Asiyas, (currently living with me) saw Yatt Yam  being forced to work until she collapsed. Later on, when I found out that she was hospitalized in Phnom Tauch Hospital, I went to a hospital worker (whose name I did not know) to inquire about her, but the person informed me that she had died.\nI know that a unit chief in the village (whose name I do not know) forced her to work until she collapsed, became sick, and died. The unit chief caused my sister to lose her life. During the regime, sick people who did not go to work received nothing to eat. No one in the family was with her when she died or during her stay in the hospital. I learned of her death when I attempted to visit her in the hospital."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SI0006",
    "name": "Sep Dol Loh",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19750504",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Collective reparatoin",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 23, 2009",
      "description": "Crimes against religion:\nBetween 1975 and 1979, the mosque at O Trav center of Andaung Thma Commune was destroyed by a mobile work brigade of the Communist (Red Khmer). During that time, I was young.   The people who destroyed the mosque did not allow people to worship. I did not know who were the security police or village chief.\nMoreover, my uncle, Loh (deceased) witnessed Chams who prayed and were then taken away and executed by the Communist (Red Khmer). He informed me that the incident took place inside O Trav center, but I do not recall the year in which the incident took place. I do not know the names of the Communist (Red Khmer) who captured and executed the Chams.\nFurthermore, they forced us to eat pork. We dared not confront them, because we were afraid of being executed. I do not recall the names of the chef or cooperative chief. When our people died, they did not allow us to hold a religious ceremony. During that time, my sister, Nop Des, (currently living in this village), witnessed the incident and  has lived trough the regime. I do not know who ordered the mosque to be closed, forced Chams to eat pork, or prohibited our people from holding religious ceremonies. There was no one but upper level Angkar in charge."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SI0007",
    "name": "Sou Les",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19410103",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 22, 2009",
      "description": "Death of my son:\nIn July of 1976, the Communist (Red Khmer) arrested and chained my son, Sou Mahat, in the dining hall of Pralean Village, Andaung Teuk Commune, Andaung Tik District, Koh Kong Province. At that time, he became ill, but the Communist (Red Khmer) forced him to do extreme amounts of work until he became unconscious. Then, they captured, chained, and starved him to death.  When they arrested my son, they accused him of being crazy and unable to work.\nThe truth was that they made him work until he became ill again with the same illness.  He had a high fever and then lost consciousness. I do not know the names of the Communist (Red Khmer) who arrested my son. But the person who ordered the arrest of my son is Soeng (not known if he is alive).  Soeng was a male youth chief of Thma Commune, Andaung Tik District, Koh Kong Province. Soeng caused my son’s death and is responsible for his death.\nAt the time, my son was carrying soil at Pralean Dam and farming the land during the rainy season. Male youth always had many assigned tasks to be completed.  I did not witness the incident, but my nephew, Sann (deceased), who worked with my son and saw what happened in 1976, informed me about the incident by writing me a letter. By the time the incident took place, my son was about fourteen or fifteen."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SI0008",
    "name": "Youp Ma Naut",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Collective reparation",
    "details": {
      "title": "Death of my father:",
      "description": "In late 1977, the Communist (Red Khmer) accused my father, Daung Youp, of being a traitor to Angkar.  They came to our house and arrested him. I was so young that I do not recall how many Communist (Red Khmer) cadres came to arrest my father. I think that he might have been sent to Koh Sla Prison and executed there. I do not know who came to capture him, who ordered the arrest, or who is responsible for his disappearance and death.\nI lived with him, but I did not witness the incident. My mother,  Ruos Mom (deceased), witnessed the incident. During the regime, disappearing or being taken away meant death. Our house was located in O Chreou Village, O Chreou Commune. Shortly after the arrest of my father, we were certain that he was dead. We dared not ask what happened to him, because we were afraid of being taken away and executed."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SI0009",
    "name": "Ry Matt",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1946",
    "job": null,
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "Information relating to the alleged crimes",
      "description": "I have five siblings. My younger sibling got married and has three children.\nAnother younger sibling, Sa Ha was taken to be executed when the Vietnamese was about to arrive.\nNak Malai and her husband, Nhiem Sophy, and three children have been unaccounted for.\nElder sister, Ry Mah and niece/nephew, Man Him, were relocated to Kampong Speu province and died from starvation."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SI0012",
    "name": "Baung Rim",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "In 1975, Pol Pot arrested, imprisoned and shackled me for three months in a security center  in the forest. Other people who were taken there with me were executed with hoes and sticks. Then some of us were interrogated in the forest. They asked us, “ Are you really a spy?�",
      "description": "I answered, “I only sell chicken, crab, and shrimp to merchants, not soldiers.� Then I was detained there for three months. They released me when my wife became pregnant.\nMy child who worked in the mobile work brigade died.\nTwo of my siblings’ families were either executed or disappeared.\nThree families of my nephews and nieces were accused of intending to flee to Thailand.   They all died as a result of landmine explosions."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SI0013",
    "name": "Ly Sop",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1945",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 21, 2009",
      "description": "Forced labor:\nFrom late 1977 until the collapse of the Communist (Red Khmer) regime, I lived in Taing Rorbang Village, Prey Brayut Commune, Phnom Sruoch District, Kampong Speu Province. While living in the village, I was forced to do very many assigned tasks, such as carrying soil, building a dam, plowing the paddy fields, and building the opening gate of the dam.\nSpeaking of building the dam, I worked at O Cha and Prek Kdam Dams. Working hours lasted from seven a.m. to eleven a.m., and after a break to eat rice, from one p.m. to five p.m. The working conditions were terrible, and I became sick due to exhaustion and malnutrition. I almost died, coughing up blood. Fortunately, I went to the hospital and recovered.\nAfter building the gate of Peam Poul Dam, I became sick, but it was fortunate for me that I did not die. They assigned many tasks for us to complete. As soon as we finished transplanting the rice seedlings, we grew potatoes. I plowed the paddy fields at Kraing Deiveay in Phnom Sruoch District. Yeu (currently living in Boeng Tasrei Village, Boeng Krapum Commune), suffered hardships along with me during the regime, such as plowing the fields and building dams. The chief of Hao Samnum Commune was an elderly man named Ngan, who was in charge of everything. I do not know who was responsible for forcing people to work without relief. The rice we grew was taken somewhere else; they left no rice for us to eat."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SI0014",
    "name": "Matt Saly",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1947",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 21, 2009",
      "description": "The loss of family members:\nIn February, 1976, my father, Lip Matt, and mother, Kep Py, were evacuated to Kampong Chhnang Province by the Communist (Red Khmer). At that time, they evacuated us from Babos Village, Samrong Commune to Kampong Chhnang. I do not know who ordered the evacuation.\nAfter 1979, I asked a person (whose name I do not recall) about my parents and they informed me that my parents were executed by the Communist (Red Khmer) in Kampong Chhnang. I do not know who the executioners were, who ordered the killing, or where they were executed. In 1977, all of the family members of my brother, Matt Sann, were arrested at Andong Tik Village. At that time, there were two to three Communist (Red Khmer) security police who came to arrest him, tie his hands behind his back, and load him onto the truck. I do not know where he was taken. I do not know who ordered the arrest or who came to arrest him. I learned of this incident from Tes Yah (currently living in Malaysia). My brother’s family was arrested on the accusation of being the enemy of Angkar.\nI do not know where they died. I think that they died, because at the time, being arrested meant death."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SI0015",
    "name": "Vann Saae",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1962",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 21, 2009",
      "description": "The death of my parents:\nIn early 1976, my father, Biek Vann, and mother, Dien Nang, died in O Chro Village, O Chro Commune, Preynup District. I do not recall the name of the cooperative. They both died from starvation.  I had been evacuated to Samlot and could not stay with them when they were dying. I learned of their death from Vann Mom (my younger sister, currently living in this village) who stayed with my parents when they died. I learned of this incident after the collapse of Pol Pot, when I returned to my homeland.\nMy sister did not tell me how the Communist (Red Khmer) had forced my parents to work. During the regime, they were old. My sister informed me that they were given rice soup to eat. I did not know who was in charge of the village; neither did my sister. I do not know who forced them to work, starved them, or is responsible for their death.  I do not know what disease they might have had before their deaths.\nI want to file the application to be a complainant, because, at present, I am very busy:\n1.\tI am busy doing the farming.\n2.\tI have aged.\n3.\tI have stomach pain.\n4.\tI am busy with religious tasks.\nI am satisfied that I have filed the application form to be a complainant."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SI0016",
    "name": "Salong Sann",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19410708",
    "job": null,
    "reparation": "Not mentioned",
    "details": {
      "title": "Additional information collected on March 21, 2009",
      "description": "Loss of my children:\nIn late 1977, I lost two daughters, Saes Fah and Sreyneang. During the regime, they both worked in a children’s unit at Preynup.  In 1977, I was evacuated to Prey Brayut of Kampong Speu Province. Normally, my daughters came to visit me. However, when I went looking for  them, I asked a unit chief (whose name I do not recall, but now living in Kampong Som), where they were, and I was informed that they had both died. I do not know who arrested them, where they were taken, who was responsible for the incident, or who ordered the arrest. I recall that Met (currently living in Andong Thma of Tuol Toting Commune) lived with my two daughters in the children’s unit.\nNext, late in 1977, my mother, Nuon Vann, died from starvation at our house in Preynup. Chhun (deceased), a unit chief, is responsible for the death of my mother, because he starved her. When she died, my wife and I were with her, but no religious ceremony was held.\nAgain in late 1977, two or three Communist (Red Khmer) cadres came during the night to arrest  my younger sister, Nuon Sreyneang, from our house in Preynup, accusing her of stealing Angkar’s potatoes. I witnessed the arrest. I did not follow them to see where they killed her, but I am certain that the killing took place in Chrakprey. I know that a security police chief and Communist (Red Khmer) security police (unknown names) came to arrest my sister, and they are responsible for her death.\nChange"
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SR0001",
    "name": "SOK VISAL",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1986/05/02",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "School",
    "details": {
      "title": "Hello",
      "description": null
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SV0022",
    "name": "Sok Rim",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19450715",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Genocide education",
    "details": {
      "title": "The loss of my younger brother, Sok La, in 1978",
      "description": "At about six p.m. one night in 1978, Saom Um (deceased), a Nhor village chief, came to take my younger brother, Sok La, from our home, to given an “education.� People who lived in the family witnessed the incident, because everyone was at home. When taken to receive an “education,� my brother was not able to bring anything with him, except himself. After the order was given, he rushed to leave with the village chief. When called for “re-education,� one had to go immediately, or one would be killed.\nBecause we were all afraid of being taken to receive an “education,� our family did not dare ask the village chief, where was taking my brother. At the time, “taking someone to receive an education� meant taking that person to be executed. That’s why, we felt certain, that my brother must have been killed, when he was called to receive an “education.� When the incident took place, we lived in Nhor village, Nhor commune, Kampong Ro district, Svay Rieng province. Prior to my brother’s arrest, Sok La, my younger brother, Nut Kien, who now lives in this village, Prum Phally, who now also lives in this village, and I, worked together in the same mobile work brigade. The chiefs of that mobile work brigade were Kry (deceased) and Ban (deceased).\nI think they called my brother to receive an “education,� because his work did not satisfy the Communist (Red Khmer)’s demands. He was not good at digging and carrying dirt. He was unable to finish the entire task assigned to him, because he did not have the strength to do forced labor. When he got sick, they accused him of laziness. Our family does not know, to which education place he was taken. Despite not knowing, where he was killed, I think my brother must have been executed by the regime. I do not know for sure, who killed him. However, I know that the person who should be held accountable for his death is Saom Um, the village chief. I want to clarify one thing. My family did not dare seek news of my brother after he was taken away, out of fear of also being taken away to receive an “education.� He must have been killed, because after the fall of the Pol Pot regime, I never heard anything from him."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SV0028",
    "name": "Men Sam An",
    "gender": null,
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19590210",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Road",
    "details": {
      "title": "The arrest and death of my father",
      "description": "At dawn in April of 1978, a regional security chief, Phun (deceased), and a handful of Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers came to arrested my father, Men Samoeun, at his crop farm next to the Svay Chrum pagoda, just as he was about to go to work. My sister, Men Saman, and I witnessed the incident, because we were going to work with him. At that time, Sarin, Saing, Chhun, and my father were tied up and put onto a truck, with the accusation that they were traitors, that is to say, people with leanings towards the Vietnamese. Despite witnessing the incident, we did not dare ask them, where they were taking our father, because we were afraid they would arrest too.\nAt the time, I was not sure whether my father was a traitor or not. But he always followed orders. After they arrested my father, they not only started to keep an eye on my family, they but also decreased our food rations. Later, Kim informed me, that my father was imprisoned at Chrabach mountain, located in region 20. That was the only news we received about him. We do not know what happened to him after that. We do not know, whether he was executed, or how much brutal tortured he received before he died. He disappeared from the moment he was arrested. We all believe, he must have been killed. If not, he would have returned to us."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SV0029",
    "name": "Chann Pha",
    "gender": "Female",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19621205",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Genocide education",
    "details": {
      "title": "The loss of my father",
      "description": "One evening in early 1977, a group of regional Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers rode up on two motorbikes to the canal construction site, located in Svay Chrum of Svay Rieng district. They tied my father up, and put him on one of the motorbikes. His subordinate, Chhoeun (deceased), witnessed this incident, and later informed us about it. Under the regime, my father served as a chief of the Mean Chey district, which has been renamed the Svay Rieng district. The regional Communist (Red Khmer) soldiers, who came to arrest my father, were unknown to me. My father was arrested, with the accusation that he was a traitor with leanings toward the Vietnamese. At the time my father was arrested, only my mother and I lived in Svay Chrum commune, Svay Chrum district, now known as Svay Rieng district. My siblings were relocated to Battambang province.\nAt the age of 13, I heard that high-level [leaders of the Angkar] ordered my father’s arrest. I think the senior leaders are responsible for what happened to my father. After my father was arrested, I tried to seek news of him. At one point, a woman, whose name I cannot recall, told me that my father had been beaten off the motorbike, and died. She did not tell me exactly where, because she herself did not know the name of the place. However, she mentioned that my father was killed on the “west� side. My father disappeared forever from the moment he was arrested. My mother and I believe he must have been killed, because during the regime people were killed when they were arrested. However, for some time, we both still had at least a little hope, that he might have survived, and might return to us. But now, we are certain, that he must have perished. Since 1979, there have been only my mother and me. We have suffered and struggled every day, since this time,  because my father and my three siblings, evacuated to Battambang province, all perished."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SV0034",
    "name": "Voa it",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "1941",
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Genocide education",
    "details": {
      "title": "The loss of my four children",
      "description": "Between 1975 and 1978, my four children, Hun Vun, Huy Dy, Huy Phan, and Huy Sokpha, all disappeared. Prior to 1975, we lived together in Prey Chheuteal village, Chrey Thom commune, Romeas Hek district, Svay Rieng province. After the liberation in 1975, one of my children, Huy Von, was persuaded by his cousin, Sim (deceased), to serve as a medic at Chantry commune. Prior to the time he was persuaded to serve as a medic, he received no training regarding medical treatment, and had no medical studies. During the dry season, Sim came to recruit my son. My wife, It Hit (deceased), and I both witnessed this. At first, he often came visit us. However, after my son was sent to work in a district hospital, located in Krasaing district, Krasing province, he never returned and never paid us a single visit. By that time, he was already married. What happened to Huy Von later is unknown to us. After the fall of the regime in 1979, his wife came to inform us, that they had been separated in Pursat province. I do not know all whether they killed him, who killed him, whether any eyewitnesses saw he killing, which Communist (Red Khmer) [leader] ordered the killing, or who should be held accountable for his death.\nAnother child, Huy Phan, served voluntarily as a [Communist (Red Khmer)] soldier, stationed at Lak Loeung, before the communal dining halls were created. From the moment he departed from home, he never returned. Under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime (1975-79), despite seeking news of my son, we had no news of him. After the the fall of the regime in 1979, Chim (deceased), told me that my son, Huy, had served as a soldier at Lak Leoung. I think he must have died. But where he died, but I do not know how he died, who killed him, or who ordered the killing. I want to clarify one thing:  the Communist (Red Khmer) unit chief in Prey Chheuteal village was Kun (deceased).\nIn late 1978, two more children, Huy Dy and Huy Sokpha, were relocated to Pursat province. I did not see the incident, because I had been relocated to Pursat province prior to this incident. At the time, a district chief from Pursat province came to evacuate all [adult] villagers, youths, and children to Pursat province. At the time, and did not know of any reason for the evacuation. I cannot recall the name of the district chief who came from Pursat province. Huy Dy and Huy Sokpha disappeared from that moment. I believe they must have died, because everyone of their age, who was evacuated to Pursat province during this time, has returned to home to our village. These people told me about what happened to my two children. Sann (deceased) witnessed these events during this time."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SV0038",
    "name": "Lok Song",
    "gender": null,
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": "19510710",
    "job": "Teacher",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "The loss of my brother, Lok Sie",
      "description": "In approximately July of 1978, I lived at a regional solider base. I did not know its location at the time, since it was moved from place to place. During his time, my younger brother, Lok Sie, became ill and was taken to be hospitalized at Svay Chrum district. At the time, the hospital at Svay Chrum district was a military hospital. During the regime, my wife, Ken Koeun, my daughter, Ken Saral, and I lived in Angkabas village, Svay Chrum commune, Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province. At the time, an unknown person came to inform my mother that my brother was wounded and had been sent to the hospital at Svay Chrum district. My mother then told me the news.\nMy mother went to visit him before I did. Upon my arrival at the hospital, I found out that he had been wounded by a bullet in his leg. When I asked him, he told me that the wound on his leg was not severe. Later on, when I went to visit him a second time, I did not see him there. I asked a medic about my brother, who told me that my brother had been sent to a hospital at Nak Loeung, because the medical treatment here could was not sufficient to help him recover.\nI did not go to visit my brother at the hospital in Nak Loeung, because it was very long way from Svay Chrum to Nak Loeung, and because the journey was not easy. Then, my brother disappeared forever. I think he must have been killed by cadres during the purge of the eastern zone, because at the hospital at Svay Chrum district, we saw that his wound was not serious at all. I do not know who killed him. However, I believe the upper level [of the regime] ordered the southwest cadres to wipe out the eastern cadres. After the fall of the Pol Pot regime, I do not believe that my brother could have survived, because he was an eastern Communist (Red Khmer) soldier. At that time, Soa Phim was accused of being a traitor, with leanings towards the Vietnamese. All eastern soldiers were executed.\nIn short, I do not know for sure who killed my brother. But I believe that the southwest cadres killed him. I do not have a witness."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-SV0039",
    "name": "Riel Sie",
    "gender": "Male",
    "nationality": "Khmer",
    "dob": null,
    "job": "Farmer",
    "reparation": "Hospital",
    "details": {
      "title": "Forced labor",
      "description": "From 1975 to 1977, my family and I lived in Rong village, Nhor commune, Kampong Ro district. The cooperative chief was Ngov Kann (deceased), and my unit chief was Ta Sok Sa, who now lives in this village with me. The villagers and I had to wake up at four a.m., and go to work in paddy fields without having breakfast. To receive a bowl of rice, we had to work until mid-afternoon. Then we continued working until five or six p.m. That was how we did farm work during the regime.\nLater, I was put to work at a communal dining hall of the fourth cooperative, located in Rong village. I had to wake up very early in the morning to find firewood and pick vegetables for the cooperative dining hall. Despite working at the dining hall, I never had enough food to eat, because the Communist (Red Khmer) always kept their eyes on me. Some of Communist (Red Khmer) people who spied on me at the time are Tit, who now lives in Po Vang village, Prasaut commune, Svay Teap district, Svay Rieng province, Kung Sarim, who now lives in Trapang Yav village, Nhor commune, Kampong Ro district, Meas Samoeun, who now lives in Svay Anat village, Nhor commune, and Mea Yav (deceased).\nAnd people who worked with me [under the Communist (Red Khmer) regime] are Sek Nhim, now a deputy chief of Rong village, Sok Uok, Sao Bin, and Keo Sarim, who all now live in this village. When I fell ill, the Communist (Red Khmer) gave me rabbit dropping [useless] medicine. However, it was not effective at all. When a person fell ill, he or she had to keep working. Only when we become gravely ill could we take a day off. Even when we were sick, we always did our best to continue working.\nI think the cooperative chief and unit chief did not have to put people to work so extremely hard, or give us so little food, because we had lots of rice at the time. They just followed orders, according to policies implemented by upper level [officials]. Chhorn and Koeun, cruel commune chiefs under the regime, have died. There was a lot of rice available at the time, but we do not know what they did with the rice. Between 1977 and 1979, my family and I were deported to the Kandal Stung district. Doing the farm labor in the Kandal Stung district was more difficult than the farm lobor in my village. The Kandal Stung district, Ta Pok and Ta Phan had cooperative chiefs.  After the liberation, we returned to our home village."
    }
  },
  {
    "record_id": "VPA-UNKNOWN-285",
    "name": null,
    "gender": null,
    "nationality": null,
    "dob": null,
    "job": null,
    "reparation": null,
    "details": {
      "title": null,
      "description": ""
    }
  }
]